LOGIC, CIRCUITS,

AND TRUTH TABLES

1 CS 147
Dr. Sin-Min Lee
Presented by
Kristina Miguel
INTRODUCTION
The CPU is constructed from logic gates.
The basic activity of the control unit is decoding
instructions.
Decoder circuits use an input binary number to
select an output line, or several lines.
Logic circuits can be implemented directly from
truth table information.

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REVIEW: BASIC LOGIC GATES WITH
TRUTH TABLES

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TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLERS
IMPOSSIBLE TO AVOID!
Traffic controllers are an
example of decoder
circuits.
Integrated urban traffic
management schemes
depend on communication
links between the traffic
light controllers and a
central control computer.

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EXAMPLE SYSTEM
Traffic light controllers found at British road
junctions have the sequence Red, Red/Amber,
Green, Amber, and then Red again.
We will analyze the corresponding truth tables.

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CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION FROM TRUTH
TABLES SOME PRACTICAL TIPS

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TIP #1: IDENTICAL COLUMNS
The input is directly connected to the output if an
output column is identical to an input column. No
logic is required.
The level crossing Amber output and Y input are
identical and can be expressed as

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TIP #2: NEARLY IDENTICAL COLUMNS
An output can be generated by a simple logic
function from only some of the inputs.
The level crossing Red is the inverse of input X.

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TIP #3: SOLO ROW
Use an AND gate to detect the input row if an
output column only has a single 1.
The level crossing Green can be expressed as

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TIP #3: SOLO ROW (CONT.)
The crossroads Green can be expressed as

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TIP #4: INVERTED SOLO ROW
Use an AND gate to detect the input row pattern, and
then a NOT inverter when an output column only has
a single 0.
Crossroads Red can be expressed as

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TIP #5: STANDARD PATTERNS
Sometimes it is possible to utilize an existing
logic circuit, with minimum modification.
Let us consider a simple washing machine
controller.
XOR can be used as a difference detector as seen in
the motor control output from the following washing
machine example.

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TIP #5: STANDARD PATTERNS (CONT.)
Motor can be expressed as
Motor = (X XOR Y) AND
Z

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TIP #6: ELIMINATION
A shortcut can be taken when considering the Crossroads
truth table.
There are two rows where both X and Z contains 1 and the value of Y
has no effect in determining the output.
Crossroads Amber can be expressed as

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TIP #7: SUM-OF-PRODUCTS
When these short cuts do not work out, the brute
force method remains:
Run down each output column and mark every row
which contributes a 1.
Next set up an AND gate pattern detector for each
marked row, using NOT gates on inputs if 0 is
detected.
Then allocate an OR gate to each output column.

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DECODER LOGIC ESSENTIAL FOR
CONTROL UNITS AND MEMORIES

The essential purpose of a decoder is to recognize

a code number and invoke the corresponding
action.
The schematic diagram for a decoder is a box
with more output than input lines.
Proper decoders select a single output line at a
time.
Example: 74F138 Decoder
3 to 8 line decoder
Accepts three binary weighted inputs.
The output selected depends on the input number.
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Ideal for memory chip select decoding.
EXAMPLE: 74F138 DECODER

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ANOTHER EXAMPLE: SEVEN-SEGMENT
CONVERTER
The seven-segment decoder
has three inputs and eight
outputs and could be
modified to implement a
binary to seven-segment
display converter.

The unit is constructed from

seven LEDs (Light-Emitting
Diodes). 18
APPLYING THE BRUTE FORCE METHOD
Using logic
expressions you can
design a seven-
segment display
converter driver
circuit.
The truth table logic
terms for each output
column can be directly
implemented by the
brute force method.
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APPLYING THE BRUTE FORCE METHOD
(CONT.)

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APPLYING THE BRUTE FORCE METHOD
(CONT.)

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USING LOGIC EXPRESSIONS TO DESIGN A
LOGIC CIRCUIT
Logic circuit
for the a
segment of a
seven-
segment
LED driver.
a can be
derived by
taking the
complement
of inverse a

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SUMMARY
Truth tables can clearly express logic circuit
functionality by displaying input-output
relationships.
Some short cuts can be used to speed up the
process of deriving logic circuits from truth
tables.
Logic minimization may not be the priority when
building circuits.

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