Bell Ringer

Identify the independent and dependent variable in

each of the scenarios below.
1. The temperature of the water was measured at
different depths of the lake.
2. The amount of time you study will make a positive
difference on your next test score.
Safety Quiz
• Put phones and headphones away.
• Clear desk except for something to write with.
 Length

Length is measured in
• units of meters (m) in both the metric and
SI systems
• units of centimeters (cm) by chemists

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 Volume

Volume, the space occupied by a substance,

• is measured using units of m3 in the SI system
• is commonly measured in liters (L) and
milliliters (mL) by chemists

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 Mass

The mass of an object, a

measure of the quantity of
material it contains,
• is measured on an
electronic balance
• has the SI unit of
kilogram (kg)
• is often measured by
chemists in grams (g)
 Temperature

Temperature, a measure of how hot

or cold an object feels,
• is measured on the
Celsius (ºC) scale
• is measured on the
Kelvin (K) scale in the
SI system
• is 18 ºC or 64 ºF on this
thermometer
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 Learning Check

For each of the following, indicate whether the unit

describes
(1) length, (2) mass, or (3) volume

A. A bag of onions has a mass of 2.6 kg.

B. A person is 2.0 m tall.
C. A medication contains 0.50 g of aspirin.
D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.
 Reporting Length – 4.5 cm

• The end of the object is between the 4-cm and

5-cm marks.
• Estimate that the end is halfway between the
4-cm and 5-cm marks and report the value as
4.5 cm.

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 Reporting Length – 4.55 cm

• The metric ruler is marked at every 0.1 cm.

• You can now estimate that the length is
halfway between the 4.5-cm and 4.6-cm marks
and report the value as 4.55 cm.

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 Reporting Length – 3.0 cm

• The end of the object lines up with the

3-cm mark.
• Because the divisions are marked in units of
1 cm, the estimated digit appears in the tenths
place (0.1 cm).

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 Learning Check

. l8. . . . l . . . . l9. . . . l . . . . l10. . cm

What is the length of the red line?

(1) 9.0 cm
(2) 9.03 cm
(3) 9.04 cm

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 Solution

. l8. . . . l . . . . l9. . . . l . . . . l10. . cm

The length of the line could be reported as

(2) 9.03 cm
(3) 9.04 cm
The estimated digit may be slightly different.
Both readings are acceptable.

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How do you read measurements from these
instruments?
 Metric Conversion Factors

We can write conversion factors for any metric

relationship.
Both conversion factors represent the same quantity;
one is just the inverse of the other.

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 Learning Check

Write conversion factors for each pair of units:

A. liters and milliliters

B. meters and kilometers

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 Solution

Write conversion factors for each pair of

units:
A. liters and milliliters (1 L = 1000 mL)

B. meters and kilometers (1 km = 1000 m)

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 Setting up the Problem

Suppose you need to convert 18.2 mm to meters.

• First, identify the given and needed units.
Given: 18.2 m Need: meters
• Write a plan that will convert the given unit to the needed unit.

millimeter Conversion meters

Given factor Need

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 Setting up the Problem
• Look for the connection between millimeters and
meters.
1 m = 1000 mm
• From this equality, we can write two conversion
factors.

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 Setting up the Problem

• Select the conversion factor that cancels the given unit, which is the
millimeter.
• Complete the calculation and round off to the needed significant
figures.

millimeters conversion factor meters

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 Learning Check

• How many minutes are in 2.5 h?

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 Solution

How many minutes are in 2.5 h?

Step 1 State the given and needed quantities.
Given: 2.5 h Need: minutes
Step 2 Write a plan to convert the given
unit to the needed unit.

hours Conversion factor minutes

Given Need

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 Solution

How many minutes are in 2.5 h?

Step 3 State the equalities and conversion
factors.
1 h = 60 min
Step 4 Set up the problem to cancel units
and calculate.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Sample Problem

How many minutes are in 1.4 days?

Step 1 Given 1.4 days Need minutes
Step 2 Plan days  hours  minutes
Step 3 Equalities 1 day = 24 h 1 h = 60 min
Conversion Factors

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 Sample Problem

How many minutes are in 1.4 days?

Step 4 Set up problem, cancel units.

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The Ladder Method

K
h
dk
Meter (m)
Liter (L) d
Gram (g)
c
m
Sample problem
• How many kilometers (km) are in 5,632 cm?
Sample problem
• How many milligrams (mg) are in 3.2 dkg?
Practice Prolems
1. 55 km = _____ m
2. 105 cg = ______ kg
3. 1 mL = _______ dkL
4. 4.9 dm = _______ cm
5. 3.21 hm = _______ mm
Build a Tower