Clauses

Clause
• Clauses are the building blocks of the sentence. A clause is a group of words that contains
at least a subject and a verb.
• Clause :
• Sociology is a science
• Because pollution causes cancer
Not clauses:
To protect the environment
After working all day
 Types of clauses
1)Independent 2)dependent
• Independent clause : An independent clause contains a subject and a verb
and expresses a complete thought.
• It can stand alone as a sentence by itself
• Examples
• My name is Usama.
• Students work hard at school.
• They are moving from there old school
 Dependent clause
• A dependent clause begins with a subordinator such as when while, if, that, who.
• It doesn’t express a complete thought and can’t be stand as a sentence by itself.
• Although students spend five years at law schools.
• While sitting on a chair
• When we reached there.
• If you declare your major now
• That the experience was success.
 Clause connector
• Three group of words are used to connect clauses In order to form different kinds
of sentences.
• Subordinators (Sub-ordinating conjunctions)
• Coordinators (coordinating conjunction)
• Conjunctive adverbs
Subordinators : after, if , that, when, while, which, where, if, as if because, as soon as,
so that, since
Coordinators: FAN BOYS
 FAN BOYS
• It is very easy to learn coordinators by this acronym
F: For
A: And
N: nor
B: But
O: or
Y : yet
S : so
 FAN BOYS

• For : Second clause give the reason for the first clause.
• And : two clauses expresses equal similar ideas.
• Nor : It joins to negative independent clauses.
• But : Two clauses express equal contrasting ideas.
• Or : two clauses expresses alternative possibilities.
• Yet : The second clause is un-expectedly contrasting to the first clause.
• So : The second clause is the result of the first clause.
 Example of FAN BOYS
• Women live longer, for they take better care of their health.
• We are working hard on this project, and we are willing to work more harder in
future.
• Women don’t smoke as much as men, nor they drink as much as much as men.
• Or : both women and men should take care of their health, or they expect risk of
difference diseases.
• Yet: he worked day and night, yet he failed.
• So : He was driving recklessly, so he crashed his car.