Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• WHAT IS AGGRESSION
• WHAT ARE SOME THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
• WHAT ARE SOME INFLUENCES ON AGGRESSION
WHAT IS AGGRESSION?
• HOSTILE AGGRESSION
WHAT IS AGGRESSION?
• HOSTILE AGGRESSION
WHAT IS AGGRESSION?
• INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION (SILENT AGGRESSION IN ANIMALS)
COLD, PREMEDITATED
INTENTIONAL USE OF HARMFUL BEHAVIOR
ONLY A MEANS TO SOME OTHER END
WHAT IS AGGRESSION?
• INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION
WHAT IS AGGRESSION?
• INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
• AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
INSTINCT THEORY
NEURAL INFLUENCES
GENETIC INFLUENCES
BIOCHEMICAL INFLUENCES
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• INSTINCT THEORY
SIGMUND FREUD BELIEVES THAT AGGRESSION SPRINGS FROM
THE SELF-DESTRUCTIVE IMPULSE
KONRAD LORENZ SAW AGGRESSION AS AN ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
BOTH AGREED THAT AGGRESSIVE ENERGY IS INSTINCTIVE
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• INSTINCT THEORY
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IS AN ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR FOR
PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
- GAIN RESOURCES, TRIBE LEADERS, ELIMINATE MALE RIVALS
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• INSTINCT THEORY
FAILS TO EXPLAIN VARIATIONS FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE AND
PERSON TO PERSON
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• NEURAL IMPULSES
AMYGDALA OF THE BRAIN
ABNORMAL BRAINS CAN CONTRIBUTE
TO ABNORMALLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
- ANTISOCIAL AND MURDERERS
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• GENETICS
GENES PREDISPOSE SOME CHILDREN
TO BE MORE SENSITIVE AND
RESPONSIVE TO MALTREATMENT
AGGRESSION AS A BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
• BIOCHEMICAL INFLUENCES
ALCOHOL
TESTOSTERONE
LOW SEROTONIN
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
•FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY
- FRUSTRATION ALWAYS LEADS TO SOME FORM OF
AGGRESSION
AGGRESSION AS A RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
• FRUSTRATION
- IS ANY RESPONSE THAT BLOCKS ATTAINING A GOAL
AGGRESSION AS A RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
• FRUSTRATION
AGGRESSION AS A RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
• FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY
(JOHN DOLLARD, ET. AL., 1939)
AGGRESSION AS A RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
• FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY
REVISED
(LEONARD BERKOWITZ, 1978, 1989)
AGGRESSION AS A RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
• RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
- THE PERCEPTION THAT ONE IS LESS WELL-OFF THAN OTHERS
WITH WHOM ONE COMPARES ONESELF
- EXPLAINS WHY HAPPINESS TENDS TO BE LOWER AND CRIME RATES
HIGHER IN COMMUNITIES AND NATIONS WITH LARGE INCOME
INEQUALITY
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
- THE FAMILY
- THE CULTURE
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE FAMILY
PHYSICALLY AGGRESSIVE CHILDREN TEND TO HAVE HAD PHYSICALLY
PUNITIVE PARENTS, WHO DISCIPLINED THEM BY MODELING
AGGRESSION WITH SCREAMING, SLAPPING, AND BEATING
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE FAMILY
FAMILY INFLUENCE ALSO APPEARS IN HIGHER VIOLENCE RATES IN
CULTURES AND IN FAMILIES WITH ABSENTEE FATHERS
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE CULTURE
IN COMMUNITIES WHERE “MACHO” IMAGES ARE ADMIRED,
AGGRESSION IS READILY TRANSMITTED TO NEW GENERATIONS
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE CULTURE
BANDURA (1979) CONTENDED THAT AGGRESSIVE ACTS ARE
MOTIVATED BY A VARIETY OF AVERSIVE EXPERIENCES—
FRUSTRATION, PAIN, INSULTS
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE CULTURE
IN COMMUNITIES WHERE “MACHO” IMAGES ARE ADMIRED,
AGGRESSION IS READILY TRANSMITTED TO NEW GENERATIONS
AGGRESSION AS A LEARNED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
THE CULTURE
- WHETHER WE ACT AGGRESSIVELY
DEPENDS ON THE CONSEQUENCES
WE ANTICIPATE.