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Short Course Concrete Analyis Using LIBS
Short Course Concrete Analyis Using LIBS
Prashant Sunagar
Reg. No : 1MS09CSE11
MTech II Sem
Structural Engineering
1
Outline
• Introduction (corrosion and significance of its monitoring)
• Principle of LIBS
• Experimental Setup
• Results and Discussions
• Applications of LIBS
• Conclusions
2
Motivation of Concrete Assessment
3
4
5
6
7
Concrete Evaluation
• The chloride content is an important criterion for
evaluation of the durability of reinforced concrete (or
corrosion occurrence)
• Normal techniques needs chemical laboratory, a lot of
sample preparation, chemicals and are time
consuming so advanced techniques (free of above
mentioned logistics) are worth investigating for
concrete inspection.
8
Advantages of LIBS
No Sample or little preparation is needed which makes the system
cost effective and less time consuming
All states of mater can be analyzed, as well as both conductive and
non conductive samples.
Very small amount of sample is vaporized
9
3500
2
R = 0.9965
Ca ( 393.368 nm )
3000
2500
2000
Signal Intensity (arb.u)
1500
1000
500
0
10 15 20 25 30 35
Laser pulse Energy (mJ)
Plot of dependence of the intensity of the Cl 518.36 nm emission
line on laser energy
120
60
0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Time Delay (µs)
Pulsed laser
Emission Intensity
Fiber optic
Spectrometer Detector
13
Heating of material
High power
laser pulse Evaporation of material
Absorption of laser
Heating of plasma
Ef
E i
15
26000
22000
intensity (a.u)
18000
14000
0.0μs
0.5μs
10000
1.5μs
6000
2.5μs
2000
430 440 450 460
Wavelength (nm)
Time evolution of the emission spectra of steel sample in the region of 415-445 nm
16
60000
55000
50000
45000
intensity(a.u)
40000
35000
30000 0.5μs
25000
55000
50000
1.5 μs
45000
intensirty(a.u)
40000
35000
30000
25000
60000
55000
50000
45000
intensity(a.u)
40000
35000 2.5 μs
30000
25000
60000
55000
50000
3.5 μs
45000
intensity (a.u)
40000
35000
30000
25000
Synchronization system
Oscilloscope
Optical
fiber
Laser
power supply POWER
METER
LIBS 2000
Spectrometer
ICCD
hcgAN E
I exp (1)
4 K BT
20
Quantitative Analysis
Parametric Dependence
Calibration Curves
Limits of Detections
Analysis
21
LIBS Parametric Dependences
and System Calibration
22
600
Ca(422.8 nm)
550
500
450
Na(588.9 nm)
350
Ca(558.6 nm)
Ca(443.9 nm)
300
150
100
50
0
400 450 500 550 600 650
wave Length (nm)
2500
2000
1500
1000 Br (470.4nm)
K (404.41 nm) S (550.97 nm)
500 Mg ii (448.113 nm)
0
400 450 500 550 600 650
Wave Length (nm)
25
Limit of Detection
The detection limit (LOD) can be estimated using the
equation:
LOD = 2b / S
26
Limit of Detection of Our LIBS Setup
Element Wavelength LOD(ppm) Delay (μs)
(nm)
Mg 518.36 9 5
Pb 405.78 7 5.5
Cu 521.82 4 4.5
Ca 422.6 14 5
Fe 404.58 12 4.5
Zn 492.4 5 5
Na 589.5 10 4
Ni 480.66 11 4.5
K 404.41 4 4
Mo 553.56 2 5.5
Cr 425.43 7 5.5
Mn 403.44 6 4.5
P 255.32 4 4.5
S 547.92 7 4.5
Si 250.6 10 4
Sr 460.73 7 4.5
Ti 399.8 10 5
V 440.85 5 4.5
Al 460.98 12 4
Ba 553.54 14 5.5 27
ANALYSIS OF
CEMENT SAMPLES
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LIBS Analysis of Cement Type I Sample
Cement Type I
400
Ca
350
Fe
Signal Intensity (arb.unit)
300 P
250
Ca
Cl
200
Ca
Na
Mg
Ca
150
100
Cl Al Cr S
50 Cl P Ba
Ca
Mn
Cl S
0
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
29
LIBS Analysis of Cement Type V Sample
Cement Type V
160
Fe Fe
140
Signal Intensity (arb.unit)
120
100
ClSi
P
Ca Ca
80
Ca
AlCa Na
60
Mg Ca
P
40 Cr
Cra S Ba
S
Cl
Fe
20 Cl Si
0
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
30
LIBS Analysis of Cement Type SF Sample
Cement Type SF
700 Na
600
Signal Intensity (arb.Unit)
500
400
Si
300 Al
Fe Mg
Ca
200
Mg
Cl
Cr
100 Si Na Si
Ba Cl
Al Cl Cr Ba Ca
Al S P
0
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
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Table 1: Elements detected in cement samples and comparison of LIBS Technique with ICP
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Plasma Plume
Sample
Sample
Holder
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Other Applications of LIBS
• Pollution monitoring (contaminants in liquids, solid and
gaseous samples).
• Trace element analysis of air, soil and water.
• Immediate determination of ore grades during mining and
prospecting and industrial chemical process control.
• Chemical analysis of planetary boundary layers such as
Mars etc.
• Chemical analysis of terror agent such as explosives,
strains of anthrax-surrogate bacteria.
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Conclusions
• The results achieved in this study show that LIBS technique
is applicable for the detection of chlorine and other trace
elements present in different cement samples
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References
1. Gondal, M. A. T. Hussain (2007), Determination of Poisonous Metals in Waste Water collected from Paint
Manufacturing Plant Using Laser- Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy TALANTA Vol 71, 73-80.
2. Gondal, M. A, T. Hussain, Z. H. Yamani and A.H. Bakry (2007), Determination of Elemental Composition in Iron Slag
Waste Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, J. Environment Science and Health Vol. 42, No. 6,767-775
(2007).
3. Gondal, M. A. M. N. Siddiqui (2007), Identification of Different Kinds of Plastics Using Laser Induced Breakdown
Spectroscopy for Waste Management, J. Environment Science and Health Part A ,Vol 42, No13 (2007).
4. Gondal, M. A, T. Hussain, Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Baig (2007), The Role of Various Binding Materials for Trace Elemental
Analysis of Powder Samples Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Talanta ,Vol 72, 642-649.
5. Gondal, M. A T. Hussain, Z. Ahmad, A. Bakry, (2007), Detection of Contaminants in Ore Samples Using Laser Induced
Break Down Spectroscopy, J. Environment Science and Health Part A Vol. 42, No. 7 , 879-887 (2007)
6. T. Hussain, M. A. Gondal (2007), Detection of toxic metals in Waste water from Dairy Product Plant using Laser
Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology (accepted and in press ).
7. T. Hussain, M. A. Gondal (2007), Monitoring and Assessment of Toxic Metals in gulf war oil spill contaminated soil
using Laser- induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (on line available on April
6, 2007, 10.1007/s10661-007-9694-2).
8. Gondal, M. A. T. Hussain, and Z. H.Yamani (2007), Parametric investigation of Pellets for Trace Metals Detection using
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Energy Sources Part A- Environment (accepted and in press).
9. Gondal, M. A. T. Hussain, Z. H.Yamani and Z. Ahmad (2007), Analysis of Oil, Soil and Ore Samples using Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscopy, Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, Vol 78, 270-274.
10. T. Hussain, Gondal, M. A. and Z. H.Yamani (2007), Measurement of Nutrients in Green House Soil with Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscopy, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol 124, 131-139.
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Thank You !
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