Hydrology

Runoff
1. Runoff is the flow of water
that occurs when excess
stormwater, meltwater, or other
sources flows over the earth’s
surface.
2. Percolation is the process of
a liquid slowly passing through
a filter.
3. Infiltration excess occurs
when the infiltration capacity is
lesser than the rate of rainfall
or snowmelt
4. Saturation excess is the
most common with the latter of
successive precipitation
and/or snowmelt events.
5. Macropores and natural
pipes are void spaces in the
soil that provide preferential
pathways for water to move
downslope.
6. The presence of a soil-
bedrock interface enhances
interflow. Rainwater or snowmelt
infiltrates rapidly to the bedrock
interface and then moves rapidly
downslope along the interface.
7. Broad crested weirs are
robust structures that are
generally constructed from
reinforced concrete and which
usually span the full width of
the channel.
8. Reservoir is an enlarged
natural or artificial lake,
storage pond or impoundment
created using a dam or lock to
store water
9. Increased runoff reduces
groundwater recharge, thus
lowering the water table and
making droughts worse,
especially for farmers and others
who depend on the water wells
10. Flooding occur as water
hits paved areas and has no
chance to infiltrate into the
ground.
1. Chemical use and handling controls in
agriculture, landscape maintenance,
industrial use, etc. Following enactment of
the Republic Act No. 6969: _____, and the
Republic Act No. 9275: Philippine Clean
Water Act of 2004, states and cities have
become more vigilant in controlling the
containment and storage of toxic chemicals,
thus preventing releases and leakage.
2. Transmissivity Feedback
occurs when a network of
______ is activated following
rapid infiltration.
3. Erosion by raindrop Impact
is the breakup of soil clod/
aggregates and dispersion of
soil particles by the _____ of
the raindrop impacting on the
soil.
4. Discharge is the volume of
water that passes a given
location within a given period
of time which is usually
expressed in _____ per second.
5. The _____ measuring flume
is a water measuring device
that can be used to measure
water flowing in an open
channel.
1-5 Climatic Factors affecting runoff
6-9 Effects of surface runoff
10-13 Four principal types of erosion by
water
14-16 mitigation
17-20 devices for measuring the flow of
water