Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Persistence of vision:
• the eye (or the brain rather) can retain the sensation of an
image for a short time even after the actual image is
removed.
1 Frame merging
• As with frame merging, the eye can fuse separate lines into
one complete frame, as long as the spacing between lines is
sufficiently small.
• Similarly, the eye can fuse separate pixels in a line into one
continuously varying line, as long as the spacing between
pixels is sufficiently small.
4 Interlacing
• For some reason, the brighter the still image presented to the
viewer ... the shorter the persistence of vision.
• The sub-carrier for the color is 3.58 MHz off the carrier for
the monochrome information.
• The sound carrier is 4.5 MHz off the carrier for the
monochrome information.
• There is a gap of 1.25 MHz on the low end and 0.25 MHz
on the high end to avoid cross talk with other channels.
TV Transmitter (B&W)
TV Receiver (B&W)
COLOR TELEVISION
• If you ask someone why red, green and blue are used in
computer monitors -- the immediate answer is "Because
these are the primary colors".
• If you then ask, "But why are these the primary colors?" --
the answer you get is that "If you mix light of these colors
together you can make any color".
Color information transmission in TV
• The eye is more sensitive to the orange- cyan range (I) (the
color of face!) than to green- purple range (Q)
• The above factors lead to
I: bandlimitted to 1.5 MHz and
Q: bandlimitted to 0.5 MHz
Multiplexing of Luminance and Chrominance
• NTSC frame rates are slightly less than 1/2 the 60 Hz power
line frequency, while PAL and SECAM frame rates are
exactly 1/2 the 50 Hz power line frequency.
Lines a. lines v. resolution aspect h.resolution frame rate
• The color encoding principles for the PAL system are the
same as those of the NTSC system -- with one minor
difference.
• The PAL signal terms its B-Y component U and its R-Y
component V and phase-flips the V component (line by
line) as:
Color Encoding Principles for the SECAM
• The field rate is 59.94 Hz, and the frame or picture rate is
29.97 Hz. The horizontal line scan rate is 15,734 Hz or 63.6
s per line.
• The color in a scene is captured by three imaging devices,
which break a picture down into its three basic colors of red,
green, and blue using color light filters. Three-color signals
are developed (R, G, B). These are combined in a resistive
matrix to form the Y signal and are combined in other ways
to form the I and Q signals.