Introduction To Classless Routing: VLSM RIP Version 2

CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMY PROGRAM
CCNA3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing v3.0
Introduction to Classless Routing
VLSM
RIP Version 2
Variable Length Subnet Masks

Classful Routing
• IP Version 4 provides Classes A, B, C
• Limited Number of unique network addresses
• Complex Routing tables
• No subnet information sent in routing updates by
classful routing protocols e.g. RIP v1, IGRP
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Classless Routing

Problem 1a
• FSF Ltd has been
allocated a class C Head
address Office
• It has 3 branch offices

with a requirement of
10 hosts per network
connecting via point to
point links to the Head
Office with 25 hosts
• Design a subnet mask
for FSF
Problem 1b
• FSF Ltd plans
• 3 additional branch offices
(10 hosts per LAN)
• Head Office (25 hosts)
• Design a new subnet mask

Problem 1b continued
Variable Length Subnet Mask
• Use 27 bit mask for head office (5
host bits = 32 hosts)
• Use 28 bit mask for branch offices
(4 host bits = 16 hosts)
• Use 30 bit mask for router to router
links (2 host bits = 4 hosts)
• Using 192.168.200.0 write out the

addressing scheme for this
network

Problem 2
• Most class A & B network addresses allocated
• PHS Ltd with 800 hosts wants IP addresses for
its network
• 4 different Class C network addresses needed
• 4 routing table entries for that network

Solution 2 – Part 1
• ISP allocates 212.23.24.0 to 212.23.27.255
• Routing table entry for PHS is
– 212.23.24.0 /22 OR
– 212.23.24.0 255.255.252.0
• 22 bit mask in binary:
– 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
• This mask groups 4 class C networks into 1
network & routing table entry

Solution 2 – Part 2
– 11010100.00010111.00011000.00000000 (Network)
– 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 (Mask)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 24
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 25
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 26
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 27
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

Problem 3
• PHS Ltd has 4 class C address blocks allocated
• It does not want to waste the addresses it has been
given
• The network administrator has the following
requirements based on current use & future growth
needs
Head Office - 500 hosts Factory - 50 hosts

Logistics Centre – 80 hosts Customer support Centre – 220 hosts
Question:
What is the appropriate VLSM mask solution for PHS Ltd?
Solution 3 (example)
Internet List the addresses
212.23.24.0 /22
212.23.24.0 /23
Head Office 1. On interfaces
2. On each site
212.23.27.0 /30 212.23.27.8 /30
3. Still available
212.23.27.4 /30
Customer Logistics
Services Factory
212.23.26.0 /24 212.23.27.64 /26 212.23.27.128 /25

Requirements for classless routing

• Classless routing protocol e.g. EIGRP, OSPF,
RIP v2
• Contiguous network addresses to allow route
aggregation

RIP Version 2
RIP Version 1 Review

• Supported by most routers
• Distance Vector routing protocol
• Metric – hop count
• 15 hop maximum count
• Periodic routing updates (30 seconds)
• Routing updates broadcast to 255.255.255.255
• Uses holddown timers
• Does not send subnet information in updates
• Does not support authentication
RIP v2 enhancements
• Sends subnet information in updates – supports
CIDR & VLSM
• Supports authentication
• Updates multicast to 224.0.0.9

IOS RIP v2 Command

• Enable RIP v2
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

Verifying Routing Protocols

• Check the configuration of routing protocols
Router#show ip protocols
Router#show running-config
• Viewing RIP updates

Router#debug ip rip

Configuring Routes
• Static Routes
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
ip route destination network gateway
Default Route
Router#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
• Defines the default gateway for all routes
• Keeps routing tables small
Default Network
• 1 router on a network must have a default route
on the network e.g.
Router#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
• Other routers can have a default network set

Router#ip default network 192.168.1.0
Traffic for destinations outside of the LAN will be sent to the
router with the network address 192.168.1.0

Labs
• 1.1.4 Calculating VLSM Subnets
• 1.2.3 Review of Basic Router Configuration with RIP
• 1.2.4 Converting RIP v1 to RIP v2
• 1.2.5 Verifying RIP v2 Configuration
• 1.2.6 Troubleshooting RIP v2 using Debug

Introduction To Classless Routing: VLSM RIP Version 2

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CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMY PROGRAM

CCNA3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing v3.0