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See info on the World Wide Web (heavily used in Physics 111)
Go to http://www.physics.uiuc.edu and follow “courses” link
to the Physics 111 homepage
The first few weeks of the course should be review, hence the
pace is fast. It is important for you to keep up!
Classical Mechanics:
Length L
Mass M
Time T
For example:
Speed has units of L / T (i.e. miles per hour).
Force has units of ML / T2 etc... (as you will learn).
British Units:
Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...
We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some
problems using British units. You should know how to convert
back & forth.
mi mi ft 1 m 1 hr m
1 1 5280 0.447
hr hr mi 3.28 ft 3600 s s
Example:
Doing a problem you get the answer distance
d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)
d d
(a) P = 2 (dg)2 (b) P 2 (c) P 2
g g
2 4
(a) L L L
4 T Not Right !!
T2 T
d d
(a) P 2 dg
2
(b) P 2 (c) P 2
g g
L
(b) T2 T
L Not Right !!
T2
d d
(a) P 2 dg
2
(b) P 2 (c) P 2
g g
L
(c) T2 T This has the correct units!!
L
T2 This must be the answer!!
d d
(a) P 2 dg
2
(b) P 2 (c) P 2
g g
Displacement in a time t = t2 - t1 is
x = x(t2) - x(t1) = x2 - x1
x
x some particle’s trajectory
x 2 in 1-D
x
1
t1 t2 t
t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 16
1-D kinematics
x( t 2 ) x( t1 ) x
v av
t 2 t1 t
x
x trajectory
x 2
Vav = slope of line connecting x1 and x2.
x
1
t1 t2 t
t
Consider limit t1 t2
Instantaneous velocity v is defined as:
dx( t )
v( t )
dt
x
1
t1 t2 t
t
v ( t 2 ) v ( t1 ) v
aav
t 2 t1 t
dv ( t ) d 2 x( t )
a( t )
dt dt 2
dx( t )
using v ( t )
dt
x
x x( t )
dx
v v
t
dt
dv d 2x
a
dt dt 2
t
a
We saw that v = dx / dt
In “calculus” language we would write dx = v dt, which we
can integrate to obtain:
t2
x (t 2 ) x (t1 ) v (t )dt
t1
Graphically, this is adding up lots of small rectangles:
v(t) + +...+
= displacement
dx
Similarly, since v we can integrate again to get:
dt
1
x v dt ( at v 0 )dt at 2 v 0 t x0
2
1
x x0 v 0 t at 2
2 t
v
v v 0 at
a const
t
a
(b) v 0, but a = 0. y
(c) v = 0, but a 0.
1
v v 0 at x x0 v 0 t at 2
2
v v0 1 v v0
2
v v0 x x0 v 0 a
t a 2 a
a
v 2 v 0 2a( x x0 )
2
Remember that v v 0 at
v
vav
v0
t
t
v av
1
v0 v
2
1
x x0 v 0 t at 2
2
v v 0 at
a const
v 2 v 02 2a(x x0 )
1
v av (v 0 v)
2
vo
ab
x = 0, t = 0
v0
ab
x = 0, t = 0
v=0
x = xf , t = tf
Above, we derived: v = v0 + at
tf = v0 /ab
v 2 v 02 2a(x x0 )
v 0 2( ab )xf
2
2
v
xf 0
2 ab