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Problem on Numbers
Problems on Numbers
Arithmetic Progression:
The nth term of A.P. is given by Tn = a + (n – 1)d
Sum of n terms of A.P S = n/2 *[2a+(n-1)d)]
Geometrical Progression:
Tn = arn – 1.
Sn = a(rn – 1) / (r-1)
Basic Formulae
1. ( a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
2. (a-b)2 = a2 +b2 -2ab
3. ( a+b)2 - (a – b)2 = 4ab
4. (a+b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2 (a2 +b2)
5. (a2 – b2) = (a+b) (a-b)
6. (a+b+c)2 =a2 +b2 +c2 + 2(ab +bc+ca)
7. (a3 +b3) = ( a+b) (a2 –ab +b2)
8. (a3 –b3) = (a-b) (a2 +ab + b2)
Problem - 1
A 2 digit number is 3 times the sum of its digits
if 45 is added to the number. Its digits are
interchanged. The sum of digits of the number
is?
Solution
The number is 3 times the sum of its digits
45 is added = 4 +5 = 9
So, common numbers in 3 and 9th table.
9, 18, 27, 36, 45….
27 + 45 = 72
2 + 7 = 9 or 4 + 5 = 9
Problem - 2
A number when divided by 119 leaves a
remainder of 19. If it is divided by 17. It will
leave a remainder of?
Solution
= 19/17 = 2 remainder
Problem - 3
A boy was asked to find the value of 3/8 of sum of
money instead of multiplying the sum by 3/8 he
divided it by 8/3 and then his answer by Rs.55.
Find the correct answer?
Solution
8/3 – 3/8 = 55/24
= 55/55/24
= 24
Problem - 4
A man spends 2/5rd of his earning. 1/4th of the
expenditure goes to food, 1/5th on rent, 2/5th on
travel and rest on donations. If his total earning
is Rs.5000, find his expenditure on donations?
Solution
5000*2/5 = 2000
Remaining amount has given as donation
2000* (1/5 + 2/5 + ¼)
Total amount = 200*17/20 = 1700
2000 – 1700 = 300
Problem - 5
From a group of boys and girls 15 girls leave.
There are then left, 2 boys for each girl. After
this 45 boys leave, there are then left 5 girls for
each boy, find the number of girls in the
beginning?
Solution
15 girls leave = 2 boys for each girl
45 boys leave = 5 girls fro 1 boy
Let the boys be x; Girls = x/2 +15
After the boys have left,
No.of boys = x – 45 and girls = 5(x-45)
x/2 = 5(x-45)
X = 2(5x-22)
X = 10x – 450
X =50
50/2 +15 =40
Problem - 6
An organization purchased 80 chairs fro
Rs.9700. For chairs of better quality they paid
Rs.140 each and for each of the lower grade
chair they paid Rs.50 less. How many better
quality chairs did the organization buy?
Solution
Better quality chairs = x;
Lower quality = 80 –x
Price of better quality = Rs.140, Lower quality =
140-50 = 90
140*x + 90(80-x) = 9700
140x + 7200 – 90x = 9700
50x = 9700 – 7200;
50x = 2500
X = 50
Problem - 7
A labour is engaged for 30 days, on the condition
that Rs.50 will be paid for everyday he works
and Rs.15 will be deducted from his wages for
everyday he is absent from work. At the end of
30 days he received Rs.850 in all. For how many
days did he wanted?
Solution
Total wages = 30*50 = 1500 (without Absent)
Wages received in 30 days = 850 (with Absent)
Let the labourer work for x days
Absent = 30 – x
50x – (30-x)15 = 850
50x -450 +15x = 850
65x = 1300
X = 1300/65 = 20 days
Problem - 8
The rent is charged at Rs.50 per day for first 3
days Rs.100 per day next 5 days, and 300 per
day thereafter. Registration fee is 50 at the
beginning. If a person had paid Rs.1300 for his
stay how many days did he stay?
Solution
3 days = 150 + 50 = 200
5 days = 100*5 = 500
= 200 + 500 = 700
1300 – 700 = 600
2 days = 300*2 = 600
= 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 days
Problem - 9
In a school 20% of students are under the age of
8 years. The number of girls above the age of 8
years is 2/3 of the number of boys above the age
of 8 years and amount to 48. What is the total
number of students in the school?
Solution
Girls above 8 yrs = 48
Boys above 8 yrs = 48 / 2/3
80% of students above 8 yrs = 48 + 72 = 120
80 120
20 x
80x = 120*20
X = 120*20/80 = 30
Total No.of students = 120+30 = 150
Ratio and Proportion
Ratio and Proportion
Ratio : Relationship between two variables.
=a:b
Proportion : Relationship between two ratios.
=a:b::c:d
Proportion Calculation = a*d : b*c
Problem - 1
The ratio of number of boys to that of girls in a
school is 3:2. If 20% boys and 25% of girls are
scholarship holders, find the percentage of the
school students who are not scholarship holders?
Solution
Let the total number of students be 100
Boys = 100*3/5 = 60
Girls = 100*2/5 = 40
S. holders = 60*20/100 = 12, non S. holders = 60 -12 = 48
Girls s. holders = 40*25/100 = 10,
Non s. holders = 40 – 10 = 30
Students who do not have scholarship = 48 + 30 = 78
78/100*100 = 78%
Problem - 2
The cost of diamond varies as the square of its
weight. A diamond weighing 10 decigrams costs
Rs. 32000. Find the loss incurred when it breaks
into two pieces whose weights are in the ratio
2:3?
Solution
1st piece = 10*2/5 = 4
2nd piece = 10*3/5 = 6
Cost of the diamond varies as square of its weight
42 : 62 102 = 100k
16k : 36k
100k – 52 k = 48k(loss)
100k = 32000; k = 320
48*320 = 15360
Problem - 3
The ratio of the first and second class fares
between two railway stations 4 : 1 and the ratio
of the number of passengers traveling by first
and second class is 1:40. If the total of Rs.1100
is collected as fare from passengers of both
classes what was the amount collected from first
class passengers?
Solution
Fare = 4 : 1
Passengers traveling = 1 : 40
Amount = No. pas * fare = 4*1 :10*1 = 4 : 40
= 1:10
Total amount = 1100.
First class passengers’ amount = 1*1100/11
= 100
Problem - 4
A vessel contains a mixture of water and milk in
the ratio 1:2 and another vessel contains the
mixture in the ratio 3:4. Taking 1 kg each from
both mixtures a new mixture is prepared. What
will be the ratio of water and milk in the new
mixture?
Solution
1st vessel = water = 1/3 , milk = 2/3
2nd vessel = water = 3/7, milk = 4/7
Water = 1/3 + 3/7 = 16/21
Milk = 2/3 + 4/7 = 26/21
16 : 26 = 8:13
Problem - 5
Ratio of the income of A, B, C last year 3 : 4 : 5.
The ratio of their individual incomes of last year
and this year are 4:5, 2:3 and 3:4 respectively. If
the sum of their present income is Rs.78,800.
Find the present individual income of A, B and
C.
Solution
A’s Present Income = 5/4*3x = 15x/4
B’s Present Income = 3/2*4x = 12x/2
C’s Present Income = 4/7*5x = 20x/7
15x/4 + 6x+20x/3 = 78,800
197x/12 = 78,800
X = 945600/197
X = 4,800
A’s Present income = 15x/4 = 15*4800/4 = 18,000
B’s Present income = 6*x = 6*4,800 = 28,800
C’s Present income = 20x/3 = 20*4800/3 = 32,000
Problem - 6
Of the three numbers, the ratio of the first and
the second is 8:9 and that of the second and third
is 3:4. If the product of the first and third
numbers is 2,400, then find the second number?
Solution
a:b=8:9
b:c=3:4
b : c = 3*3 : 4*3 = 9 : 12
a : b : c = 8 : 9 : 12
Product of first and third = 8k * 12k = 2400
96k2 = 2400; k2 = 2400/96 = 25
k=5
Second number = 9 * 5 = 45
Problem - 7
Annual income of A and B are in the ratio of 4 : 3
and their annual expenses are in the ratio 3 : 2. If
each of them saves Rs.600 at the end of the year,
what is the annual income of A?
Solution
Income = 4 : 3, Expenses = 3 : 2
Savings 600 each
A’s income = 4x, expenses = 3x,
savings = x i.e 600
Ratio Water
2 162
3 x
2x = 3*162/2 = 243
243 – 161 = 81 ml water is to be added
Problem - 11
Price of a scooter and a television set are in the
ratio 3 : 2. If the scooter costs Rs.600 more than
the television set, then find the price of
television?
Solution
Diff. in ratio = 3 – 2 = 1
1 ratio is 600 means, the television cost is 2 ratio
so, cost of television = 1200
Problem - 12
The annual income and expenditure of man and
his wife are in the ratio of 5:3 and 3:1
respectively, if they decide to save equally and
find their balance is 4000. Find their income at
the end of the year?
Solution
Man and Wife income = 5 : 3 = 2 (diff)
Man and Wife Expenses = 3 : 1 = 2 (diff)
so, both of them are saving ratio of 2
Total saving of Man and Women = 4000,
individual saving 2000
Cost of Mixture
m
d-m m-c
2nd Vessel:
= Milk = 4*3/10 = 12/10
= Water = 4*7/10 = 28/10
3rd Vessel:
= Milk = 5*4/15 = 20/15
= Water = 5*11/15 = 55/15
Milk : Water = 6/5 +12/10 + 20/15 : 9/5 + 28/10 + 55/15
= 18/15 + 18/15 +20/15 : 27/15 + 42/15+55/15
= 56 : 124 (or) 14:31
Problem - 2
How many kg of tea worth Rs. 25 per kg must be
blended with 30 kg tea worth Rs. 30 per kg, so
that by selling the blended variety at Rs.30 per
kg there should be a gain of 10%?
Solution
30*100/110 = 300/11
25 30
300/11
30/11 25/11
30 : 25
6 : 5
36 : 30kg
Problem - 3
A man buys cows for Rs. 1350 and sells one so
as to lose 6% and the other so as to gain 7.5%
and on the whole he neither gains nor loses. How
much does each cow cost?
Solution
6 7.5
0
7.5 6
15 12
5 : 4
1350*5/9 = 750
1350 *4/9 = 600
Problem - 4
There are 65 students in a class, 39 rupees are
distributed among them so that each boy gets
80p and each girl gets 30p. Find the number of
boys and girls in a class.
Solution
Girls Boys
30 80
60
20 30
2 : 3
65*2/5 = 26
65*3/5 = 39
Problem - 5
A person covers a distance 100 kms in 10 hr
Partly by walking at 7 km per hour and rest by
running at 12 km per hour. Find the distance
covered in each part.
Solution
Speed = Distance / Time = 100 / 10 = 10
7 12
10
2 : 3
Time taken in 7 km/hr = 10 * 2/5 = 4
4*7 = 28 km
Time taken in 12 km/hours = 10*3/5 = 6
12*6 = 72 km
Problem - 6
7 17
10
(17-10) (10-7)
7 : 3
The quantity of 2nd kind = 3/10 of 100kg
= 30kg
Problem - 7
In what ratio two varieties of tea one costing
Rs. 27 per kg and the other costing Rs. 32 per
kg should be blended to produce a blended
variety of tea worth Rs. 30 per kg. How much
should be the quantity of second variety of tea,
if the first variety is 60 kg?
Solution
27 32
30
2 3
Quantity of cheaper tea = 2
Quantity of superior tea 3
added?
Solution
R : S
2 : 1
75% : 25%
3 : 1
1 gallon of R should be added.
Problem - 9
0 10
25/3
5/3 25/3
The ratio is 1: 5
Problem - 11
75
10 5
Number of quantities
= Sum of Quantities
Average
Problem - 1
hundredths.
as x%
Percentage
•Finding out of Hundred.
If Length is increased by X% and Breadth is
decreased by Y% What is the percentage
Increase or Decrease in Area of the rectangle?
Formula: X+Y+ XY/100 %
Decrease 20% means -20
Problem -1
Area = xy
X = 5% Excess = 100* 5/100 = 105
Y = 3% Excess = 100*3/100 = 103
103*105/100 = 10815/100 = 108.15
Error – Actual = 108.15 – 100 = 8.15% Excess
Problem - 11
Two parallel lines from the first set and any two
from the second set will from a parallelogram.
7C2 *5C2 = 21 * 10 = 210
Problem - 4
= 20 * 6 = 120
• Diagonal = √3 a units.
Area and Volume
Cylinder:
• Volume = πr2h
A = 1/2*base*height
Equilateral = √3/4*(side)2
S = (a+b+c)/ 2
diagonal.
Solution
850 = ½ * d1 * d2
= ½ * 34 * d2
= 17 d2
d2 = 850 / 17
= 50 cm
Second diagonal = 50cm
Problem - 10
A grocer is storing small cereal boxes in large
cartons that measure 25 inches by 42 inches by 60
inches. If the measurement of each small cereal
box is 7 inches by 6 inches by 5 inches then what is
maximum number of small cereal boxes that can be
placed in each large carton ?
Solution
72/100 m3 = 72/100*50 = 36 kg
Problem - 14
Leap year = (A + B + C + D) – 3
------------------------- take remainder
7
Problem - 1
11th January 1997 was a Sunday. What day of
the week on 7th January 2000?
Solution
11th Jan 1997 = Sunday
11th Jan 1998 = Monday
11th Jan 1999 = Tuesday
11th Jan 2000 = Wednesday
7th Jan 2000 is on Saturday
Problem - 2
What day of the week was on 5th June 1999?
Solution
A+B+C+D – 2 / 7
A = 1999/7 = 4
B = 1999/4 = 499/7 = 2
C = June = 4
D = 5/7 = 5
= 4+2+4+5 – 2/7 = 13/7 = 5 = Saturday
Problem - 3
On what dates of August 1988 did Friday fall?
Solution
A = 1988 / 7 = 0
B = 1988/4 = 497/7 = 0
C=3
D=x
0+0+3+x+3/7 = x/7 = 5(Friday)
Friday falls on = 5,12,19,26
Problem - 4
India got independence on 15 August 1947.
What was the day of the week?
Solution
A = 1947/7 = 1
B = 1947/4 = 486/7 = 3
C = 15/7 = 1
D=2
1+3+1+2 – 2 /7 = 5/7 = Friday
Problem - 5
7th January 1992 was Tuesday. Find the day of
the week on the same date after 5 years. i.e on
7th January 1997.
Solution
7th January 1992 = Tuesday
7th January 1993 = Thursday (Leap)
7th January 1994 = Friday
7th January 1995 = Saturday
7th January 1996 = Monday ( Leap)
7th January 1997 = Tuesday
Problem - 6
The first Republic day of India was celebrated on
26th January 1950. What was the day of the
week on that date?
Solution
A = 1950/7 = 4
B = 1950/4 = 487/7 = 4
C=0
D = 26/7 = 5
4+4+0+5 – 2/7 = 11/7 = 4 = Thursday
Problem - 7
Find the Number of times 29th day of the month
occurs in 400 consecutive year?
Solution
1 year = 1 (Ordinary Year)
1 year = 12 (Leap Year)
400 years = 97 leap year
97 * 12 = 1164
303*11 = 3333
= 1164+3333 = 4497 times
Problem - 8
If 2nd March 1994 was on Wednesday, 25 Jan
1994 was on,
Solution
A = 1994/7 = 6
B = 1994/4 = 498/7 = 1
C=0
D = 25/7 = 4
= 6 + 1 + 0 + 4 – 2 / 7 = 3 = Tuesday
Problem - 9
Calendar for 2000 will serve also?
Solution
= 2000 + 2001 + 2002 + 2003 + 2004
= 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 7 (Complete Week)
2005
Problem - 10
If Pinky’s 1st birthday fell in Jan 1988 on one of
the Monday’s, the day on which are was born is,
Solution
Jan = 1988 = Monday
Jan = 1987 = Sunday
Problem - 11
Akshaya celebrated her 60th birthday on Feb 24,
2000. What was the day?
Solution
A = 2000 /7 = 7
B = 2000/4 = 500/7 = 3
C=3
D = 24/7 = 0
= 7+3+3+0-3/7 = 10/7 = 3 = Wednesday
Problem - 12
On what dates of April 2008 did Sunday Fall?
Solution
Calculate for 1st April 2008
A = 2008/7 = 6
B = 2008/4 = 502/7 = 5
C = 1/7 = 1
D=0
= 6+5+1+0 – 3/ 7 = 2 = Tuesday
1st April on Tuesday, then 1st Sunday fall on 6.
Sunday falls on 6, 13, 20, 27.
Problem - 13
Today is Friday. After 62 days it will be,
Solution
62 / 7 = 6 days after Friday then it will be
Tuesday
Problem - 14
What will be the day of the week on 1st Jan
2010?
Solution
A=1
B=5
C=0
D=1
= 1+5+0+1 – 2/ 7 = 5/7 = 5 = Friday
Problem - 15