Assigned Topic:

WHAT KIND OF STATE UNION

ARE THE FOLLOWING:
United Arab Emirates;
United Kingdom; and
E.U.
A union may be effected in a number of forms, broadly
categorized as:
• Incorporating union
• Incorporating annexation
• Federative annexation
• Mixed unions
• Federal (or confederal) union
 Incorporating union
In an incorporating union a new state is created, the former
states being entirely dissolved into the new state .
Examples of incorporating unions:
• Great Britain resulting from the Acts of Union, 1707,
between the Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of England
• South Africa (1910)
• Spain (process from 1037 to 1479) — however, the
realms of the Crown of Aragon and Navarre remained formally
separate from the Crown of Castile, and were not
administratively unified with Castile until 1716 and 1833,
respectively.
• United Kingdom resulting from the Acts of Union
1800, between the Kingdom of Ireland and Kingdom of Great
Britain
• Yemen (1990)
• United States (1783)
 Incorporating annexation
In an incorporating annexation a state or states is united to
and dissolved in an existing state, whose legal existence
continues. Annexation may be voluntary or, more frequently,
by conquest.
Examples of incorporating annexation:
• The Kingdom of England formally annexed the
Principality of Wales under the two Laws in Wales Acts of 1535
and 1542
• Haiti with Santo Domingo (Spanish Haiti) in 1822
• Prussia/Germany (1864, 1866 and 1870–71)
• Italian unification (1860–1861)
• The Kingdom of Serbia annexed the Kingdom of
Montenegro in 1918 (Podgorica Assembly)
• The People's Republic of China annexed Tibet and
East Turkestan (Xinjiang) in 1949 and 1951 respectively.
 Federal or confederal annexation
If a unitary state becomes a federated unit of another existing state,
the former continuing its legal existence, then that is a federal
annexation. The new federated state thus ceases to be a state in
international law but retains its legal existence in domestic law,
subsidiary to the federal authority.
Examples of federal annexation:
• British Columbia (1871), Prince Edward Island
(1873) and Newfoundland (1949) with Canada
• Eritrea with Ethiopia (1951 to 1962)
• Geneva with Switzerland (1815)
• Saarland (1957) with Germany
• Vermont (1791), Texas (1846), and California
(1848) with the United States of America
• Crimea with the Russian Federation (2014)
(Arguably Hawaii with the United States of America is
an example, but Hawaii was first annexed without
statehood in 1898.)
 Mixed Unions
The unification of Italy involved a mixture of unions. The kingdom
consolidated around the Kingdom of Sardinia. Several states
voluntarily united with Sardinia to create the Kingdom of Italy.
Others, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States, were
conquered and annexed. Formally the union in each territory was
sanctioned by a popular referendum, formally asking the people to
agree to have as new ruler Vittorio Emanuele II (the King of Sardinia)
and his legitimate heirs. The unification of Germany was ultimately a
confederal union, but it began in earnest by Prussia's annexation of
numerous petty states in 1866.
 Federal or confederal union
In a federal or confederal union the states continue in existence
but place themselves under a new federal authority. The
federal state alone will be the state in international law though
the federated states retain an existence in domestic law.
Examples of federal or confederal union[edit]
• Australia (1901)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina (federal union from 1995)
• Cameroon (1961–1970)
• Canada (1867)
• European Union (The EU is more similar to a federal/supranational union but still
has confederal/intergovernmental elements, since 1958/1993/2009)[3]
• Federal Republic of Central America (1823–circa 1838)
• German Empire (1871–1919)
• India (1950)
• West Pakistan and East Pakistan (1947-1971)
• Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
• Polish–Lithuanian union (1569–1791)
• Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
• Switzerland (confederation from 1291, later evolving into federation)
• Tanzania (1964)
• The United Arab Emirates (1971)
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
• The United States of America (in confederal union under the Articles of
Confederation from 1781, later becoming a federal union under the United States
Constitution in 1788)
United Arab Emirates
 United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates is a federal absolute

monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the
southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian
Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia
to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with
Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The country is a federation of seven emirates, and was
established on 2 December 1971. The constituent
emirates are Abu Dhabi (which serves as the capital),
Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and
Umm al-Quwain.
Each emirate is governed by an absolute monarch;
together, they jointly form the Federal Supreme
Council. One of the monarchs (traditionally always the
Emir of Abu Dhabi) is selected as the President of
the United Arab Emirates.
United Kingdom
 United Kingdom

The Act of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great

Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland, which had been
gradually brought under English control between 1541
and 1691, to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland in 1801. Independence for the Irish Free
State in 1922 followed the partition of the island of
Ireland two years previously, with six of the nine counties
of the province of Ulster remaining within the UK, which
then changed to the current name in 1927 of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
In the 20th century, the rise of Welsh and Scottish
nationalism and resolution of the Troubles in Ireland
resulted in the establishment of devolved parliaments or
assemblies for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
European Union
 European Union
The United States of Europe, the European state,[the
European superstate, the European federation and Federal
Europe are names used to refer to several similar hypothetical
scenarios of the unification of Europe as a single sovereign
federation of states (hence superstate), similar to the United
States of America, both as projected by writers of speculative
fiction and science fiction and by political scientists, politicians,
geographers, historians and futurologists. At present, while the
European Union (EU) is not officially a federation, various
academic observers regard it as having the characteristics of a
federal system.[3]
Specifically, the term "United States of Europe" – as a direct
comparison with the United States of America – would imply
that all the European states would acquire a status similar to
that of a U.S. state, becoming constituent parts of a
European federation acting as one country.
Traditionally, the term "European Superstate", particularly
within the United Kingdom, is used as a criticism of further
integration into the EU with the term implying a forced loss of
national sovereignty,[4] although the term has occasionally been
used positively in the Britis
References:
1 ”. . . that no Alteration be made in Laws which concern private Right, except for evident Utility
of the Subjects within Scotland" — Article XVIII of the Treaty of Union
2 http://www.ies.ee/iesp/No11/articles/03_Gabriel_Hazak.pdf
3 Encyclopædia Britannica: "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is
the political union of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland."
4 A Disunited Kingdom? - England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, 1800-1949, Christine
Kinealy, University of Central Lancashire, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-521-
59844-6: "... explaining how the United Kingdom has evolved, the author explores a number of key themes
including: the steps to political union, ..."
5 Marianopolis College: Archived September 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
 Reported By:

Roshcelle Lovelynest Medellin

Roxan Vee Tampos
Jessa Christelle Comaling
Elna Elnar