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Asset Liability Management in Banks
Asset Liability Management in Banks
Banks
Components of a Bank Balance Sheet
Liabilities Assets
1. Capital 1. Cash & Balances with RBI
2. Reserve & Surplus 2. Bal. With Banks & Money
3. Deposits at Call and Short Notices
4. Borrowings 3. Investments
5. Other Liabilities 4. Advances
5. Fixed Assets
6. Other Assets
Banks profit and loss account
In the 1980s, volatility of interest rates in USA and Europe caused the focus
to broaden to include the issue of interest rate risk. ALM began to extend
beyond the bank treasury to cover the loan and deposit functions
ALM Organization
ALM Process
ALM Information Systems
Usage of Real Time information system to gather the information
about the maturity and behavior of loans and advances made by all
other branches of a bank
ABC Approach :
analysing the behaviour of asset and liability products in the top
branches as they account for significant business
then making rational assumptions about the way in which assets and
liabilities would behave in other branches
The data and assumptions can then be refined over time as the bank
management gain experience
Risk Parameters
Risk Identification
Risk Measurement
Risk Management
Liquidity risk
But under ALM risks that are typically
managed are….
Liquidity Risk
Currency Risk
Interest
Rate Risk
Banks can fix higher tolerance level for other maturity buckets.
An Example of Structural Liquidity Statement
15-28 30 Days- 3 Mths - 6 Mths - 1Year - 3 3 Years - Over 5
1-14Days Days 3 Month 6 Mths 1Year Years 5 Years Years Total
Basis
Interest
Options Rate Re-pricing
Risk
Yield
Re-pricing Risk: The assets and liabilities could re-price at different dates
and might be of different time period. For example, a loan on the asset side
could re-price at three-monthly intervals whereas the deposit could be at a
fixed interest rate or a variable rate, but re-pricing half-yearly
Basis Risk: The assets could be based on LIBOR rates whereas the
liabilities could be based on Treasury rates or a Swap market rate
Yield Curve Risk: The changes are not always parallel but it could be a
twist around a particular tenor and thereby affecting different maturities
differently
The basic weakness with this model is that this method takes into
account only the book value of assets and liabilities and hence
ignores their market value.
Duration Analysis
It basically refers to the average life of the asset or the liability
The larger the value of the duration, the more sensitive is the price
of that asset or liability to changes in interest rates