Bioethics and Health Law

ETHICS
• THE DISCIPLINE DEALING WITH WHAT IS
GOOD AND BAD AND WITH MORAL DUTY AND
OBLIGATION (Webster’s).
• ETHICS OFFERS CONCEPTUAL TOOLS TO
EVALUATE AND GUIDE MORAL DECISION
MAKING
• MEDICAL ETHICS IS A DISCIPLINE /
METHODOLOGY FOR CONSIDERING THE
IMPLICATIONS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY /
TREATMENT AND WHAT OUGHT TO BE (Univ of
Washington School of Medicine)
 Bioetika
• Studi interdisipliner tentang problem yang
ditimbulkan oleh perkembangan di bidang
biologi dan ilmu kedokteran, termasuk
dampaknya thd masyarakat luas serta
sistem nilainya, kini dan masa mendatang.
• Lebih luas dibanding hanya sekedar etika
klinik / etika kedokteran
• Selalu berpedoman pada kaidah dasar
moral
 Penting ?????
• “ … ethical issues raised by the rapid
advances in science and their
technological applications should be
examined with due respect to the inherent
dignity of the human person and universal
respect for, and observance of, human
rights and fundamental freedoms …”.

UDBHR (2005)
 Penting ?????
3 topik kunci masa depan :
• Internet
• Bioetik
• Global warming

Jacques chirac (2001)

Background
• Tuskegee siphilis exp
• Nazi Human exp
• Technological advances in such diverse
areas as organ transplantation and end-of-
life care
• Cloning, stem cells therapy
• etc
• 1927 : Fritz Jahr
The term Bioethics (Greek bios, life; ethos, behavior)
"anticipated many of the arguments and discussions now
current in biological research involving animals" in an
article about the "bioethical imperative," as he called it,
regarding the scientific use of animals and plants.
• 1970 : Van Rensselaer
"global ethics," a discipline representing a link between
biology, ecology, medicine and human values in order to
attain the survival of both human beings and other
animal species.
• 1970s, bioethical think tanks and academic bioethics
programs had emerged. Among the earliest such
institutions were the Hastings Center (originally known
as The Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences),
founded in 1969 by philosopher Daniel Callahan and
psychiatrist Willard Gaylin, and the Kennedy Institute of
Ethics, established at Georgetown University in 1971
• The publication of Principles of Biomedical Ethics by
James F. Childress and Tom Beauchamp—the first
American textbook of bioethics—marked a
transformative moment in the discipline.
 Medical humanities
• Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary
field of medicine which includes the
humanities (literature, philosophy, ethics,
history and religion), social science
(anthropology, cultural studies,
psychology, sociology), and the arts
(literature, theater, film, and visual arts)
and their application to medical education
and practice
• Biotechnology Non Maleficence
• Medical Science &
technology Beneficence
• Cloning - technology
Justice

Autonomy
Medical
intervention
• Religion
• Local wisdom
• Ethical dilemma
• Other contextual
• Ethical breaches
features
• Ethical conflict