BJT AC Analysis

TRANSISTOR AC MODELS
To visualize the operation of a transistor in an
amplifier circuit, it is often useful to represent the
device by a model circuit.
A transistor model circuit uses various internal
transistor parameters to represent its operation.
There are two models commonly used in small
signal AC analysis of a transistor:
re model
Hybrid equivalent model
 The re Transistor Model

BJTs are basically current-controlled devices; therefore

the re model uses a diode and a current source to
duplicate the behavior of the transistor.

One disadvantage to this model is its sensitivity to the

DC level. This model is designed for specific circuit
conditions.
Determining r'e by a Formula
For amplifier analysis, the ac emitter resistance,
is the most important of the r parameters.
To calculate the approximate value of r'e, you
can use:

assuming an abrupt junction between the n and p

regions. It is also temperature dependent and is
based on an ambient temperature of 20°C.
h Parameters (hybrid)
• A manufacturer’s datasheet typically specifies h
(hybrid) parameters because they are relatively
easy to measure.\
• The hybrid model is most useful for analysis of
high-frequency transistor applications.
• At lower frequencies the hybrid pi model closely
approximate the re parameters, and can be
replaced by them.
RELATED PROBLEM:
• Determine the output resistance and signal
voltage at the base if the source resistance is 75
ohms, ac collector resistance of 3 kilo ohms,
emitter current of 5mA and ac beta of 200 are
used.

200
75

20 mV