ARCHIMEDES’

PRINCIPLE
 • DENSITY- Density of a substance is
defined as the mass per unit volume of
that substance
Its S.I Unit is kg/meter cube
FUNDAMENTALS
 Units of Density
DENSITY FORMULA
can be
found using
Density = Mass m
Volume v
 
Units g/ml, g/cm3, g/cc

Remember 1 ml = 1 cm3 = 1 cc
 • RELATIVE DENSITY- The Relative
Density is the ratio of density of
substance to the density of water at 4 C
Since it is a ratio it has no unit

It is also called specific gravity

HORTCUT FORMULA
If theBecause
densityRELATIVE
of a substance
is 3.6 gm/cm cube,
DENSITY of a substance isits
RELATIVE DENSITY is
equal to its density(with no3.6
Conversely if RELATIVE
unit).This is the relation
DENSITY is 1.4,its density
between density and relative is
1.4gm/cm
density cube
 We know that density of water is 1gm/cm cc
RELATIVE DENSITY of a substance
Density
But how of substance
to prove
=Density of water this?
at 4C
= Density of substance
1gm/cm cube
= Density of substance
NTERESTING FACT
Archimedes' Principle is
named after
“ARCHIMEDE’S OF
SYRACUSE "who first
discovered this law
Archimedes’ Principle

Archimedes Principle states that when a

body is partially or completely immersed
in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss
in weight due to upthrust and this
Upthrust means Buoyant
apparent loss in weight is equal to the
force
weight of the fluid displaced by the
immersed part of the body
 What is
BUOYANCY and
UPTHRUST?

What is
BUOYANCY and
Or upthrust UPTHRUST?
OUYANT FORCE or UPTHRU
WHEN A BODY IS
IMMERSED PARTIALLY
OR COMPLETELY INSIDE
A FLUID IT EXPERIENCES
AN UPWARD FORCE
CALLED THE BUOYANT
FORCE
Buoyancy
The property of the fluids to
apply buoyant force is called
BUOYANCY
The buoyant force acting on an object
depends upon two factors:
The volume of the body immersed
i.e. volume of the fluid displaced
,or
density of the fluid
APPARENT LOSS IN WEIGHT
 = True weight-weight of the body immersed in a
fluid (=buoyant force)
 = w1-w2
BUOYANT FORCE
 =apparent loss in weight-true weight(w1)
 Materials required for verifying
Verify Archimedes
Archimedes principle
principle are:

SPRING BALANCE
STONE

EUREKA CAN BEAKER

 VERIFYING ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
 Take an Eureka can and fill it up to its spout. Take
a stone and suspend it with the hook of the spring
balance.Note the weight of stone in air.Let it be
w1.
 Now immerse the stone inside water in the Eureka
can.the water overflows through the can.Collect
this overflowing water in the beaker. Now also
note the reading in the spring balance.Let it be w2
  This w2 will be less than w1 due to upthrust
provided by water.Apparent loss in weight due to
upthrust will be (w1-w2)
It states that when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it
 Measure the weight of water collected in the
experiences an apparent loss in weight due to upthrust and this apparent
beaker , which in fact is the weight of water
lossdisplaced
in weight by theis stone
equal . to the weight of the
fluid displacedweby
 On comparing willthefoundimmersed
that the loss part in of
weight (w1-w2 )isthe equal bodyto the weight of the
water displaced by the stone.Hence the
Archimedes’principle is verified.
Principle of Floatation
A body floats in a liquid if the
weight of the body is equal to
the weight of the liquid
displaced by it
 SINKING AND
FLOATATION OF A BODY
•When a body is placed in a
liquid, two forces act on it
 The following are the three
possibilities if we consider w1
and w2:
WHERE WILL THEY “FLOAT?”
Object A: density= 0.8 g/cc
Object B:density= 0.95 g/cc
oil Object C:density = 1.1 g/cc
density=
0.9 g/cc Object D:density= 1.3 g/cc
Object E:density= 4.0 g/cc
fresh water
density=
1.0 g/cc

salt water
density=
1.2 g/cc
 APPLICATIONS OF
ARCHIMEDES’
PRINCIPLE
Ships and submarines are
designed on the basis of this
principle
How does a steel ship floats ?
 A ship is hollow at the bottom
because of which its average
density is lees than that of
water so the ship is able to
displace water equal to its
weight and hence it floats.
How can a submarines float
or submerge in water?
 Submarines have ballast
tanks at its basement. When
it is to be submerged,these
tanks are filled with sea
water.As a result its weight
becomes more than the
weight of water displaced.So
it submerges
 If the submarine has to come up,the tanks are
emptied out ,so the weight of the submarine
decreases in comparison to the weight of the
water displaced and the submarine rises up to the
surface
 Hydrogen and Helium filled balloons and hot air
balloons tend to move upwards because the
density of hydrogen is about 1/4th of the air. The
upward force is more than the downward force of
the balloon and hence it rises upwards till the
density of both becomes same
THE FISHES
 Some species of fishes have swim bladder. When
fishes want to rise they fill this bladder with
gases diffused from their own body. Thus
becoming lighter and to go down they empty
their bladder thereby increasing their density and
hence manage to sink
 THE QUESTION ~~!!!

THE QUESTION ~~!!!

THE QUESTION
~~!!!

THE QUESTION ~~!!!

THE QUESTION
~~!!!
THE QUESTION ~~!!!
 QUESTION
1
A paperweight when weighed in air w = 6.9N. When completely
immersed in water however,
w in water = 4.3N. Find the volume of he paperweight.
According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force is the weight of
the displaced water, which is mg, where m is the mass of the displaced
water. W
We can write the mass as the density times the volume or m = r V. Thus,
for the buoyant force, we have

Solving for the volume and using r = 1.00 x 103

kg/m3 for the density of water (see Table 11.1),
we find
THE END