Name : Titin Evania Manalu

ID Number : 4183131054

Class : Chemistry Education Study Program 2018

ASSIGNMENT MEETING 12

1. Suppose that 22.4 liters of air at STP is used to burn 1.50 g of carbon to form CO 2, and that the
gaseous product is adjusted to STP. What is the volume and the average molar mass of the
resulting mixture?

Answer:

Known :

VSTP = 22.4 L

W Carbon = 1.50 g

Asked:

Volume and the average molar mass in result?

The reaction, combustion of carbon:

C(s)+O2(g)→CO2(g) (One moles of Carbon forms one mole of carbon dioxide gas)

The total number of moles of gases is constant with you see that for every mole of O 2 removed
from the air, a mole of CO 2 is added. The problem wants us to assume the gases are all ideal, so
the total number of moles regardless of the identity of the gases determines the volume.

It’s still 22.4 L.

The composition of air data:

nitrogen = 78.084% (molar mass 28.02)

oxygen = 20.946% (molar mass 32.00)

argon = 0.934% (molar mass 39.95)

carbon dioxide = 0.033% (molar mass 44.01)

So 22.4 L of air (which is 1.00 mol of gases) contains 0.20946 mol of O 2 . And note that each of
those percentages corresponds to a decimal fraction of the number of moles of that gas (because
the total is 1.00 mol).
Moles of carbon

Mol carbon = g / Mr of carbon = 1.50 g/ 12 = 0.1249 mol

And our 1.50 g of carbon is 0.1249 mol.

Since C and O2 react in a 1:1 mole ratio, we can see that carbon is the limiting reactant. We
will therefor produce 0.1249 mol of CO2 and consume 0.1249 mol of O2 .

After the combustion

nitrogen = 0.78084 mol (unchanged)(molar mass 28.02)

oxygen = 0.20946 - 0.1249 = 0.08456 mol (molar mass 32.00)

argon = 0.00934 mol (unchanged) (molar mass 39.95)

carbon dioxide = 0.00033 + 0.1249 = 0.1252 mol (molar mass 44.01)

And to find the weighted average molar mass of the mixture is also easy from here, since the
sum of the moles = 1.00.

Average of the molar mass =

( 0.78084 × 28.02 )+ ( 0.08456× 32.00 ) + ( 0.00934 ×39.95 )+ ( 0.1252× 44.01 )

¿ 30.47 g/mol

2. If the pressure is 0.01 atm at an altitude of 38 km and 0.001 at 57 km, what is it at 19 km

(ignoring temperature variations)?

Answer:

‘Linear’ means ‘straight line’ -ish. If you change altitude by 1 unit of distance, you observe a
given pressure change. If you go same direction by 1 more unit of altitude, you increase air
pressure by that same amount. That’s what ‘linear’ means. Your problem has altitude units of
19km. So every time you decrease altitude by that much/that unit, you should see the same
change in air pressure.

Now we have data at three altitudes and a question about a fourth inside the range, with a
statement about ignoring temperature.

Changing the altitudes into the simple multiples of 19km, we then get:
Because the difference between 38 km to 57 km is same with the difference 19 km to 38 km, so
we can multiple the atm difference.

57 km has 0.001 atm

38 km has 0.010 atm, change is 0.009/ The difference: 0.010 - 0.001 = 0.009 atm.

19 km has X atm

In 19 km = 0.010 atm + the atm differences

In 19 km = 0.010 atm + 0.009 atm = 0.019 atm

Until

In 0 km 0.028 atm in the sea level pressure because

In 0 km = 0.019 atm + atm differences

In 0 km = 0.019 atm + 0.009 atm = 0.028 atm

3. Measured in µm, what are the lower wavelength limits of solar radiation reaching the earth;
the wavelength at which maximum solar radiation reaches the earth; and the wavelength at which
maximum energy is radiated back into space?

Answer:

Lower wavelength limits of solar radiation reaching earth = 200 µm

Maximum wavelength of solar radiation reaching earth = 500 µm

Max wavelength energy is radiated back into space = 10 µm

4. Of the species O, HO*•, NO2*, H3C•, and N+ , which could most readily revert to a
nonreactive, “normal” species in total isolation?

Answer:

NO2*

Excited species have a finite lifetime because they can lose energy through radiation w/o having
to react with other species. And then because it is an excited state of the NO 2 molecule and could
revert to the stable ground state by emitting a photon. Each of the other species would have to
react with something else to become a stable species which could not happen in total isolation.
5. Of the gases neon, sulfur dioxide, helium, oxygen, and nitrogen, which shows the most
variation in its atmospheric concentration?

Answer:

Sulfur dioxide because it is emitted to the atmosphere as a pollutant and undergoes atmospheric
reactions, such as formation of H2SO4, that remove it from the atmosphere.

The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the troposphere also known as the lower
atmosphere fixed composition of various constituents of air namely the carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
ozone, rare gases etc.