Integration by Substitution

• Integration by Substitution , also called u-

substitution is a method to find an integral, but only
when it can be set up in a special way.
• Five steps for integration by substitution :
Step 1 : Choose a new variable u
Step 2 : Determine the value dx
Step 3 : Make the substitution
Step 4 : Integrate resulting integral
Step 5 : Return to the initial variable x
Example 1: Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1: Chose a substitution function u

The substitution function is

Step 2: Determine the value dx

Step 3: Make the substitution

Step 4: Integrate resulting integral

Step 5: Return to the initial variable: x

So, the solution is