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Acute Gastroenteritis
Acute Gastroenteritis
GASTROENTERITIS
CASE PRESENTATION
Presenting Complaint:
• Nikko Tuazon, 4 years and 10 months old boy, was
brought to the hospital on 7th December 2015 at
10:00 pm due to severe diarrhea 2 days prior to
admission associated with fever and vomiting on the
day of admission.
History of presenting complaint:
• 2 days prior to admission, there was a sudden onset
of diarrhea (8-10 times per day). Watery, yellowish
to brown stools with no blood stained. Loss of
appetite and decreased oral intake
CASE PRESENTATION
History (cont.):
• His mother brought him to the clinic and the doctor prescribed him
Oral Rehydration Salt(ORS). However, the problem was not resolved.
• His mother measured the temperature at home and it was 39.2 (high
grade fever) with no rigor. His mother said that there was no rash or
joint pain and no episode of fit since he had the fever. No cough or
runny nose.
• The vomiting started on the same time with fever. It occurred once
and non-projectile. His mother described the amount of vomitous was
about half a cup, contained fluid but no blood or bile. There was no
history of changing formula milk.
CASE PRESENTATION
Systemic Review:
System Complaints
CVS No pedal edema, no cyanosis
Resp No SOB, no cough, no hemoptysis
Genitourinary Normal urine output, no hematuria
CNS No LOC, no drowsiness, no blurring visi
on, no altered speech, no headache
ENT No runny nose, no ear discharge, no fe
eding difficulty, no dysphagia
MSK No abnormal movement, no joint swelli
ng, no joint pain
Endocrine No tremor, no heat intolerance
Hematological No gum bleeding or epistaxis
• Renal Profile
Result Normal range Remarks
Bacteria Parasites
Viruses Campylobacter Entamoeba
jejuni
Rotavirus histolytica
Salmonella
Norvirus Giardia
Shigella
Calicivirus lamblia
Astrovirus E.coli
Clostridium
Strongyloides
difficile stercoralis
ACUTE
GASTROENTERITIS
• Usually a self-limited illness, lasting 5-7 days, but
can cause life-threatening dehydration and
electrolyte imbalances
Digestive and
absorptive malfunction
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Digestive and absorptive
malfunction
Watery diarrhea
GI Distention
Nausea and
Vomiting
TREATMENT
• Rehydration
• ~200 ml after each bout of diarrhea
• Rehydration drinks provide a good balance of water, salts,
and sugar.
• Medication
• Loperamide
• Paracetamol or ibuprofen
• Racecadotril
• Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Ondansetron
• Ciproflaxin, Co-trimoxazole, Erythromycin/Azithromycin
• Metronidazole
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
REFERENCES:
• http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/electronic_journals/m
p_sapa/mp_sapa_v12_n2_a13.pdf
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764079/
• http://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00148581-200709030-
00006
• http://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/CORE/EmergencyPediatrics/page_
14.htm
• http://crisis.med.uoa.gr/tanzania2008/index_files/Gastroenteritis-
%20J.J.%20Kambona%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/50577556/Pathophysiology-of-Acute-
Gastroenteritis
• http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/medical-surgical-
nursing/acute-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu/