Presented by:

Arianne Cabañez
Acode of moral standards of
conduct for what is “good”
and “right”
Incorporatingethical principles into
research practice.
Balance between protecting
participants vs. quest for knowledge.
It is a reflection of respect for those who
‘take part’ in research.
It ensures no unreasonable, unsafe or
thoughtless demands are made by
researchers.
To protect human participants.
 Ethical Issues
Regarding Copyrights
You need permission to use figures and
tables from other published sources.
Quotes are okay if properly referenced.
Usually it is no problem getting permission
for educational purposes.
Bottom line is that bad things may
happen to you if you are intentionally
unethical.
 NON-PUBLICATION OF DATA

Data was suppressed. It is not ethical to

ignore exceptions and just try to explain
to oneself the reason for the exception.
 FALSIFICATION

 Falsification
is the changing or omission of
research results (data) to support claims,
hypotheses, other data, etc. Falsification can
include the manipulation of research
instrumentation, materials, or processes.
 FABRICATION

 Fabrication is the construction and/or

addition of data, observations, or
characterizations that never occurred in the
gathering of data or running of
experiments.
 PLAGIARISM
 Using the ideas or words of another person
without giving appropriate credit.

 Researchers must be aware to cite all

sources and take careful notes. Using or
representing the work of others as your own
work constitutes plagiarism, even if
committed unintentionally.
 MISLEADING AUTHORSHIP

People take credit who really make

very little contribution to the study. If
fellow graduate students assist you
they should not expect to be named .
 The list of authors establishes accountability as well
as credit.
 Policies at most scientific journals state that a
person should be listed as the author of a paper
only if that person made a direct and substantial
intellectual contribution to the design of the
research, the interpretation of the data, or the
drafting of the paper.
 The acknowledgments section can be used to thank
those who indirectly contributed to the work.