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Overview of Rocket Propulsion Types

The document discusses different types of rocket propulsion systems including chemical rockets, solid rockets, liquid rockets, nuclear rockets, ion rockets, Hall effect rockets, magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) rockets, pulsed inductive thrusters (PIT), VASIMR, and solar sails. It provides details on the thrust, exhaust speed, typical burn time, and fuel ratio for each type of rocket propulsion system.

Uploaded by

Harnil Vaghasiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Propulsion Systems,
  • Scientific American,
  • Rocket Applications,
  • VASIMR,
  • Chemical Rockets,
  • Solar Sails,
  • Magnetoplasmadynamic,
  • Hall Effect,
  • Rocket Thrust,
  • Rocket Technology
354 views28 pages

Overview of Rocket Propulsion Types

The document discusses different types of rocket propulsion systems including chemical rockets, solid rockets, liquid rockets, nuclear rockets, ion rockets, Hall effect rockets, magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) rockets, pulsed inductive thrusters (PIT), VASIMR, and solar sails. It provides details on the thrust, exhaust speed, typical burn time, and fuel ratio for each type of rocket propulsion system.

Uploaded by

Harnil Vaghasiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Propulsion Systems,
  • Scientific American,
  • Rocket Applications,
  • VASIMR,
  • Chemical Rockets,
  • Solar Sails,
  • Magnetoplasmadynamic,
  • Hall Effect,
  • Rocket Thrust,
  • Rocket Technology
  • Rocket Types: Introduces different rocket types and begins with technical specifications about rocket thrust and specific impulse.
  • Rocket Propulsion: Discusses the fundamentals of rocket propulsion including formulas for ideal rocket thrust and specific impulse.
  • Types of Propulsion: Explores various propulsion mechanisms like electrothermal, electrostatic, and electromagnetic propulsion.
  • Chemical Rockets: Describes the workings of chemical rockets including both liquid and solid propellant types.
  • Rocket Performance – Mars Mission: Presents performance metrics of rocket systems specifically for Mars missions, including exhaust speed and fuel ratio.
  • Nuclear Rockets: Details the use of nuclear rockets, highlighting historical testing, reactor use, and associated public opposition.
  • Ion Rockets: Examines ion propulsion, focusing on the acceleration of particles using electrical fields.
  • Hall Effect: Explores the Hall Effect in propulsion technology, which involves the use of a radial magnetic field and xenon fuel.
  • Magnetoplasmadynamics (MPD): Introduces MPD as a propulsion method using magnetic fields for acceleration.
  • Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT): Discusses the conceptual working of PIT which utilizes argon fuel and radial magnetic fields to generate thrust.
  • VASIMR: Describes VASIMR technology which uses ionized propellant and radio wave heating methods for space propulsion.
  • Solar Sails: Concludes with solar sail technology, explaining how sunlight can be harnessed for propulsion in space.

Rocket Types

EGR 4347 Analysis


and Design of
Propulsion Systems
Rocket Propulsion

 Ideal Rocket Thrust


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Rocket
Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion

Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz


Rocket Propulsion

Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz


Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Rockets

 Liquid – typical O2 and H2


 Solid

Scientific American – March 2000


Liquid Rockets

Scientific American – March 2000


Solid Rockets

Scientific American – March 2000


Solid Rockets
Rocket Performance – Mars Mission

 Thrust – force 1 N  ¼ lbf


 Exhaust Speed – Measure of fuel efficiency
 Sample Burn Time – How long the rocket must fire to
accelerate a 25-ton payload from low earth orbit to
escape velocity. The time is inversely related to the
thrust.
 Sample fuel ratio – fraction of the total spacecraft
mass taken up by propellant. The amount of fuel is
exponentially related to the exhaust speed.

Scientific American – March 2000


Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110K 4.5 21 min 55
Scientific American – March 2000

Nuclear Rockets

 Tested in 1960s  Reactors can generate


 Hydrogen heated to electricity
2,500 deg C  Public opposition
Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9.0 27 min 32
ION

 1950s  Fuel – cesium or xenon


 Electrical fields  Cathode dumps
accelerate particles electrons into flow at exit
 Grids get in the way

Scientific American – March 2000


ION

Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz


Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32
Ion 30 30 79 days 22
Hall Effect

 1970s Russia  Xenon


 Radial Magnetic Field  No grids

Scientific American – March 2000


Hall Effect

Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz


Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32
Ion 30 30 79 days 22
Hall Effect 30 15 90 days 38
Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD)

 Magnetic acceleration
 Magnetic field electrically generated

Scientific American – March 2000


Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32
Ion 30 30 79 days 22
Hall Effect 30 15 90 days 38
MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 6.7 - 31
days
Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT)

 Argon Fuel  200 times a second


 Radial Magnetic Field  No electrodes

Scientific American – March 2000


Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32
Ion 30 30 79 days 22
Hall Effect 30 15 90 days 38
MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 6.7 - 31
days
PIT 20 50 110 days 14
VASIMR

 Variable Specific  Ionized propellant


Impulse Magnetoplasma (Hydrogen)
Rocket  Magnetic fields
 Radio waves heat fuel

Scientific American – March 2000


VASIMR
Rocket Performance
Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed Burn Time Fuel ratio (%)
(km/s)
Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55
Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32
Ion 30 30 79 days 22
Hall Effect 30 15 90 days 38
MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 days 6.7 - 31
PIT 20 50 110 days 14
VASIMR H 40 300 53 days 2.4
VASIMR L 1,200 10 2.1 days 46
Solar Sails

 9 N per square km
 Large fragile structure
 NASA working on Magnetic “sail” to catch sun
particles

Scientific American – March 2000

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