Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Synchronousmachines
Synchronousmachines
synchronousmachine
Synchronous Machine (2)
•The rotor gets locked to the RMF and rotates unlike induction
motor at synchronous speed under all load condition
synchronousmachine
Synchronous Machine Construction
(a)CRSM (b) SPSM
synchronousmachine
Concept of synchronous reactance (1)
• Like dc machines synchronous machines will also have armature
reaction. However unlike dc machine we do not like to eliminate
it, but try to use it to our benefit.
synchronousmachine
Concept of synchronous reactance (2)
•Suppose we short-circuit a synchronous generator with the field
circuit excited. By Faraday’s law an emf will be induced in the
stator (armature) which by Lenz’s law has to oppose the original
field on the rotor. It means the resulting armature reaction will
induce an opposing emf to the one produced by the main field.
Machine Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine Machine
Motor(Exact)
Generator (Exact)
Note: is +ve for (a) generator and –ve for (b) motor
synchronousmachine
Derivation of power equation for CRSM
on the green board
synchronousmachine
Effect of Load Change (Field constant)
Note: Er same as Ef
Va same as Vt
Ra has been neglected
synchronousmachine
Effect of Field Change (Load constant)
Note: Er same as Ef
Va same as Vt
Ra has been neglected
synchronousmachine
Effect of Field Change (Load constant)
for a generator
a Power
Ia2
Ef2 jIa2Xs Ef1
jIa1Xs a Power
Vt
Ia1
synchronousmachine
Conclusion for effect for field change with
constant load on power factor
•For motor with increased (decreased)excitation power factor becomes
leading (lagging)
synchronousmachine
Torque versus Electrical Load Angle
1
Normalized Torque, Power
0.5
Generator
0
Tmax,Pmax
Motor
-0.5
-1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Delta(Radians)
synchronousmachine
Torque versus Speed
synchronousmachine
Example 1
A six-pole 60 Hz synchronous motor is operating with a developed
power of 5 hp and a torque angle of 5o. Find the speed and developed
torque. Suppose that the load increases such that the developed torque
doubles. Find the new torque angle. Find the pull-out torque and
maximum developed power for this machine.
synchronousmachine
Example 2
An eight-pole, 240 V-rms, 60 Hz, delta connected synchronous motor
operates with a constant developed power of 50 hp and a torque angle
of 15o and unity power factor. Suppose the field current is increased
by 20%. Find the new torque angle and power factor. Is the new power
factor lagging or leading? Assume linear magnetic characteristics.
synchronousmachine
SPSM and the concept of Direct and
Quadrature Axes
Since in the salient pole machine the reluctance of the machine
varies with the position of the pole, flux due to armature reaction
varies with power factor. Thus Xar alone is no longer sufficient
for the equivalent circuit.
synchronousmachine
SPSM and the concept of Direct and
Quadrature Axes (2)
Xd=Xad+Xal=(d)irect axis synchronous reactance)
Xq=Xaq+Xal= (q)uadrature axis synchronous reactance)
Xad= d(irect) axis armature reactance =Lad
Xaq = (q)uadrature axis armature reactance=Laq
Xal = leakage reactance
ad=LadId
aq=LaqIq
Id= d(irect) axis component of the armature current
Iq = (q)uadrature axis component of the armature current
Ia=Iq±jId
synchronousmachine
Explaining d-q axes using diagrams
synchronousmachine
Equivalent circuits of SPSM
synchronousmachine
Power Angle Characteristics of SPSM
synchronousmachine
Examples on SPSM
synchronousmachine