PROJECT BASE

LEARNING:
Tuberculosis
Group name:
*muhammad zarith addeen bin zakaria
*muhammad Haziq bin Yusri
*muhammad Rashidi bin Rustam
*muhammad Zairul Ikhwan bin Mazri
*muhammad Adib Hakimi bin aznan
our beloved Science teacher:
Teacher Farzana bt.Elias
COMMON DISEASES IN
MALAYSIA
COMMON DISEASES
IN MALAYSIA
COMMON SYMPTOMS
DISEASES
TUBERCULOSIS FEVER,LOST OF
APPETTE,COUGHI
NG UP BLOOD
DENGUE HEADACHE,FEVER,
JOINT PAIN AND
WATERY EYE
CHOLERA DIARRHEA AND
VOMITING
WHAT IS TB OR

KNOWN AS
TUBERCULOSIS?
 Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease
caused by bacteria that are spread
through the air from person to
person. If not treated properly, TB
disease can be fatal. People infected
with TB bacteria who are not sick
may still need treatment to prevent
TB disease from developing in the
future. Learn to recognize the
symptoms of TB disease and find out
if you are at risk.
 How is tuberculosis
Transmitted?
TB bacteria are spread through
the air from one person to another.
The TB bacteria are put into the air
when a person with TB disease of the
lungs or throat coughs, speaks, or
sings. People nearby may breathe in
these bacteria and become infected.
What causes tuberculosis?
TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. TB in the lungs can be infectious
i.e. the bacteria can be spread to other people.
TB in other parts of the body is usually not
infectious.

TB is spread mainly through the air via droplets

(called aerosols), that are produced when
infectious people cough, sneeze, talk, laugh or
spit. These aerosols contain millions of bacteria
that are sprayed into the air. People nearby
may inhale these bacteria and become infected
 How tuberculosis can
Be prevented?
Most important in TB prevention is for people with infectious TB to take their medicine as prescribed. If you are taking medication, you need
regular check-ups and possibly additional chest X-rays or sputum tests to show whether the medicine is working, and whether you are still
infectious. If the tests show that you still have the bacteria in your sputum even after a few months of treatment, you may need to take some extra
drugs, or change the drugs you are taking.

Detection of early cases and prompt treatment are crucial in controlling the spread of TB. The local health department may need to test people
who have spent time with you for TB infection.
If you are sick enough to go to hospital, you may be put in a special room with air vents that keep TB bacteria from spreading. People working in
these rooms wear face masks to protect themselves from bacteria. You must stay in the room to prevent spreading bacteria.

If you are infectious while at home, protect yourself and others as follows:
 Wash your hands after sneezing, coughing or holding your hands near your mouth or nose.
 Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough, sneeze or laugh. Discard used tissues in a plastic bag, then seal and throw it away.
 Do not attend work or school.
 Avoid close contact with others.
 Sleep in a room away from other family members.
 Ventilate your room regularly. TB spreads in small closed spaces. Put a fan in your window to blow out air that may contain bacter
 The End TB Strategy aims to reduce the
TUBERCULOSIS burden of tuberculosis worldwide until global
prevalence reaches that already attained by many
PREDICTION developed countries. The goal amounts to 90%
reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis and 95%
reduction in tuberculosis deaths.1 The strategy
focuses on early detection and treatment and
preventive therapy. In 2015, 4·3 million patients with
tuberculosis are estimated to have gone undetected
and untreated globally,2 which highlights the need
for expanding case finding among those most at
risk. Evidence shows consistently that preventive
therapy effectively reduces individual risk of
tuberculosis. Expansion of preventive treatment
beyond children, however, is hampered by poor
ability to predict who will develop tuberculosis after
exposure. Even among people with positive
tuberculin skin test or interferon-γ-release assay
results, no more than 2·7% will develop tuberculosis
within 2 years. Thus, at least 37 individuals will need
to be treated to prevent one case, which, clearly, is
too many
STATISTICS OF TB
INFECTION(PER 100,000)
 The first tuberculosis vaccine, referred to as
HOW TO SOLVE the BCG vaccine and named bacille Calmette-
Guerin after the bacteria from which it is derived,
was developed in the early 1920s. In many
THIS countries, including the United States, it's not used
because it just isn't very effective for most people.
However, BCG vaccine is still given in many
PROBLEM? underdeveloped countries.
"The current tuberculosis vaccine is effective in
preventing certain forms of the disease, such as
TB meningitis, but much less effective in
preventing pulmonary TB [TB in the lungs]," says
George Smulian, MD, associate director of the
division of infectious diseases at the University of
Cincinnati.
"A number of new TB vaccines are under
development and testing," Dr. Smulian says. "It is
anticipated improved vaccines will be effective
against many forms of the disease." In fact, at the
moment, at least 10 types of tuberculosis vaccine
are being tested, all in the hope of slowing the
rate of tuberculosis around the world.
THANK YOU