SERV1 10e DigitalOp

Digital Operations
M0.0 CMP ==I Q 9.7
IW0 IN1
IW2 IN2
T4
I 0.7 S_ODT Q8.5
S Q
S5T#35s TV BI MW0
I 0.5
R BCD QW12
SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Automation and Drives
Siemens AG 2003. All rights reserved. File: SERV1_10E.1
Digital Operations
M0.0 CMP ==I Q 9.7
IW0 IN1
IW2 IN2
T4
I 0.7 S_ODT Q8.5
S Q
S5T#35s TV BI MW0
I 0.5
R BCD AW12

Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter the participant will ...

... be familiar with the INT, DINT, REAL data types and the BCD display
... be able to apply the selectable display formats in the "Monitor /
Modify Variable" test function
... understand the "Load" and "Transfer" instructions
... be able to apply and program S5 counter functions for problem solving
... be able to apply and program S5 timer functions for problem solving
... be able to apply and program the conversion operations INT <-> BCD
for problem solving
... be able to apply and program comparison operations for problem
solving
... be able to apply and program basic mathematical functions for
problem solving

Acquisition, Processing and Outputting Data
Process 0248
Thumbwheel
operating V buttons,
& monitoring Potentiometer,
0 8 1 5 7-segment
displays
Operator Panel
Control Processing
unit the values
such as MPI
DI/ AI/
DO AO
such as PROFIBUS
Process Field devices

controller

Integer (INT, 16-Bit Integer) Data Type
Value Range -32768 to +32767 Arithmetic
(without sign: 0 to 65535) Operations: such as + I, * I, <I, ==I
Display Formats:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 HEX: W#16 0 2 9 6

9 without
+2 7 sign
Sign 2 0
4 6 x 16 = 6
positive +2 2 1
numbers +2 1 9 x 16 = 144
+2 2 x 16
2
= 512
+ 662 662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: - 662 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 HEX: W#16 F D 6 A

15 without
-2
+2 13
14 sign
Sign
negative +2 12 0
+2 11 10 x 16 =16
numbers 1
6 x 16 = 96
+2 10 2
8 6
+2 +2 +2 5 13 x 16 = 3328
3 1 3
Representation as +2 +2 +2 15 x 16 = 61440
twos complement - 662 64874

Double Integer (DINT, 32-Bit Integer) Data Type
Value Range L# -2147483648 to L#+2147483647 Arithmetic

(without sign: 0 to 4294967295) Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D
Display Formats:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: L# +540809 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Sign
positive
numbers
HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 8 4 0 8 9
(without sign)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: L# -540809 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Sign
negative
numbers
Representation as HEX: DW#16# F F F 7 B F 7 7

twos complement
(without sign)

REAL (Floating-point Number, 32 Bit) Data Type
Value Range -1.175495•10-38 to 3.402823•10+38 Arithmetic

Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R
sin, acos, ln, exp, SQR
General Format of a Real Number = (Sign) • (1.f) • (2e-127)
Example: 7.50000e-001 (7.5 * 10-1 = 0.75)
Sign of
Real No. e = Exponent (8 Bit) f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 ..... 2-23
Real No. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

The BCD Code for Inputting and Outputting Integers
Value Range 16 Bit: - 999 to + 999 Conversion

32 Bit: -9999999 to + 9999999 Operations: BTI, BTD, ITB, DTB
(no arithmetic!)
0 2 9 6
16 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Sign (+) 2 9 6
HEX: W#16# 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662
Sign (+) 0 0 0 0 2 9 6
32 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

"Monitor / Modify Variables": Display Formats

Loading and Transferring Data (1)
LAD FBD STL
MOVE MOVE
L +5
EN ENO EN OUT MB5
T MB5
5 IN OUT MB5 5 IN ENO
Examples L +5 // 16-bit constant (Integer)

of Load L L#523123 // 32-bit constant (Double
Integer)
L B#16#EF // byte in hexadecimal form
L 2#0010 0110 1110 0011 // 16-bit binary value
L 3.14 // 32-bit constant (Real)

Content of Content of
ACCU1 ACCU2
Program
X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
:
:
L W#16#CAFE 0 0 0 0 C
0 A
0 F
0 E
0 X X X X X X X X
L W#16#AFFE 0 0 0 0 A
0 F
0 F
0 E
0 0 0 0 0 C A F E
:
:
:

Contents of ACCU1
Program
31 23 15 7 0
L MB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0
31 23 15 7 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0 MB1
L MW 0
31 23 15 7 0
L MD 0 MB0 MB1 MB2 MB3
T QD 4
QD 4
Transfer T QW 4
QW 4
T QB 4
QB 4

S5 Counters in STEP 7
LAD FBD STL
A I0.4
C5 C5
CU C5
S_CUD S_CUD A I0.5
I 0.4 Q 8.3
CU QQ I 0.4 CU CD C5
A I0.3
I 0.5
L C#20
CD CV MW 4 I 0.5 CD
S C5
I 0.3 A I0.7
S CV_BCD QW 12 I 0.3 S CV MW 4 R C5
L C5
C#20 PV C#20 PV CV_BCD QW 12 T MW4
Q 8.3 LC C5
I 0.7
R I 0.7 R Q
Q = T QW12
A C5
= Q8.3

Counters: Function Diagram
CU
CD
5
4
3
Count
2
1
0

Counters: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL
Network 1: C5
I 0.0 SC
I 0.0 C5
A I 0.0
SC L C#20
C#20 CV
C#20 S C5
Network 2:
C5
I 0.1 C5
I 0.1 CU A I 0.1
CU
CU C5
Network 3:
I 0.2 C5 C5
A I 0.2
CD I 0.2 CD CD C5
Network 4:
C5 Q 4.0 Q 4.0
A C5
C5 = = Q 4.0

Exercise: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18, C 18)
DI DO Q 8....
Q 4....
I 0.0 T_System_ON .0 ACTUAL number of parts
I 0.1 T_System_OFF L_SYSTEM .1
I 0.2 T_Jog_RT L_MAN .2
I 0.3 T_Jog_LT L_AUTO .3 V
I 0.4 S_M/A_ModeSelect .4
I 0.5 T_M/A_Accept .5 QW 12 / QW 6
-15V...+15V -15V...+15V
I 0.6 .6 AI2 AO1
AI1 AO2
I 0.7 .7
AI1 AI2
V
0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

Timers: ON Delay (SD)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4
I 0.7 S_ODT Q8.5 S_ODT A I 0.7
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 L S5T#35s
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 S5T#35s QW12
SD T4
TV BCD
I 0.5 Q8.5 A I 0.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R Q = R T4
L T4
T MW0
RLO at S
LC T4
RLO at R T QW12
A T4
Timer = Q8.5
operation
Example
Data type 0.01s <-- 0 0

0.1s <-- 0 1
“S5TIME” 1s <-- 1 0 Units of time: 0 to 999 (BCD-coded)
10s <-- 1 1

Timers: Time Formats for S5-Timers in STEP 7
Time specifications as constants

S5T#35s200ms
(Time base: 01 (100ms), Number of units of time: 352)
01 3 5 2
Time specifications per variable X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Time base Units of time (BCD-coded)
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Accu 1 contents after “L T...” exec. X X X X X X 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Residual units of time (Integer)
01 3 5 2
Accu 1 cont. after “LC T...” exec. X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Time base Residual units of time (BCD-coded)

Timers: Stored ON Delay (SS)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_ODTS Q8.5 S_ODTS L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 SS T4
S5T#35s BI MW0 A I 0.5
TV S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I 0.5 Q8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R Q = L T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: Pulse (SP)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_PULSE Q8.5 S_PULSE L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 SP T4
I 0.5 Q8.5 R T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: Extended Pulse (SE)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_PEXT Q8.5 S_PEXT L S5T#35s
S Q MW0 SE T4
I 0.7 S BI
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 A I 0.5
S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I 0.5 A8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R = L T4
Q
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
Operation
Example

Timers: OFF Delay (SF)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_OFFDT Q8.5 S_OFFDT L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 SF T4
I 0.5 Q8.5 R T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL
Network 1:
T4
I 0.0 T4 I 0.0 & SD A I 0.0
SD L S5T#5s
S5T#5s TV SD T4
S5T#5s
Network 2:
T4 Q 8.0 Q 8.0
A T4
T4 & =
= Q 8.0
Network 3:
T4
I 0.1 T4 A I 0.1
R I 0.1 & R R T4

Exercise: Locking-Out the Conveyor Motor Jog
Lock-out
time LEFT
T_Jog_RT
I 0.2
Run Conveyor
RIGHT
(Q20.5 / Q8.5)
Lock-out
RIGHT
T 15 (SF)
T_Jog_LT
I 0.3
Lock-out
time RIGHT
Run Conveyor
LEFT
(Q20.6 / Q8.6)
Lock-out
LEFT
T 16 (SF)

Exercise: Monitoring of the Transport Functions (FC 17)
DI DO Q 8....
Q 4....
I 0.0 T_System_ON .0 ACTUAL number of parts
Flt
I 0.1 T_System_OFF L_System .1
-15V...+15V -15V...+15V
I 0.6 .6 AI2 AO1
AI1 AO2
I 0.7 .7
I 1.0 T_Fault_Rst
AI1 AI2
Weight V
0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

Exercise: Counting the Conveyor Operation Faults
Conv. oper.
fault
M 17.0
3
Conv. oper.
2
fault
counter C 17 1
0
AUTO mode
Q 4.3 (Q 8.3)

Conversion Operations BCD <-> Integer
Number Conversion
entered in BCD 0 81 5 BCD->Integer
User program with
Task
integer math
operations
Number Conversion
displayed 0 2 4 8 BCD<-Integer
in BCD
LAD FBD STL
BCD_I BCD_I L I W4
EN ENO EN OUT MW20 BTI
T MW20
I W4 IN OUT MW20 I W4 IN ENO
I_BCD I_BCD L MW10

EN ENO EN OUT QW12 ITB
T QW12
MW10 IN OUT QW12 MW10 IN ENO

Comparison Operations
LAD FBD STL
M3.4 CMP ==I Q 9.7 CMP ==I A M3.4

A(
L I W0
I W0 IN1
L I W2
I W0 IN1
==I
I W2 IN2 I W2 IN2 )
&
Q9.7
= Q9.7
=
M3.4

Basic Mathematical Functions
LAD FBD STL
ADD_I ADD_I L MW4

Addition EN ENO EN OUT MW6 L MW10
MW4 IN1 OUT MW6 MW4 IN1 +I
MW10 IN2 MW10 IN2 ENO T MW6
SUB_I SUB_I L MW8

Subtrac- MW6
tion EN ENO EN OUT L MW12
MW8 IN1 OUT MW6 MW8 IN1 -I
MW12 IN2 ENO
T MW6
IN2 MW12
MUL_R MUL_R L MD6

Multipli- MD66
cation EN ENO EN OUT L MD12
MD6 IN1 OUT MD6 IN1 *R
MD66
MD12 IN2 MD12 IN2 ENO T MD66
DIV_R DIV_R L MD40

EN OUT MD32
Division EN ENO L MD4
MD40 IN1 OUT MD32 MD40 IN1 /R
MD4 IN2 MD4 IN2 ENO T MD32

Exercise: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18, MW 20)
DI DO Q 8....
Q 4....
I 0.0 T_System_ON Flt .0 ACTUAL number of parts
I 0.1 T_System_OFF L_System .1
-15V...+15V -15V...+15V
I 0.6 .6 AI2 AO1
AI1 AO2
I 0.7 .7
I 1.0 T_Fault_Rst
AI1 AI2
Weight V
SETPOINT number of parts
0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2
IW 4 / IW 2

Exercise: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18), Solution Hints
NW 1: Set "counter" to 0
MOVE
Condition
for resetting EN OUT MW 20
0 IN ENO
NW 2: Counting using memory word, ACTUAL number of parts

ADD_I
Positive edge
of counter event EN ENO
MW 20 IN1 OUT MW 20
1 IN2
NW 3: Display ACTUAL number of parts on BCD digital display
Convert ACTUAL number of parts (MW 20) from Integer to BCD

-> Result on BCD digital display (QW 12 or QW 6)
NW 4: Readin SETPOINT number of parts and convert from BCD to Integer
Convert value from thumbwheel button (IW 4 or IW 2) from BCD to Integer

-> store SETPOINT number of parts (Integer) in MW 200
NW 5: ACTUAL-SETPOINT comparison, LED (red LED Q 20.4 or Q8.4)
Compare ACTUAL (MW 20) to SETPOINT (MW 200), send comparison result to LED

Exercise: Controlling LEDs
Steady light for

ACTUAL=SETPOINT
Steady light
at both bays when a new part can be placed on the conveyor
1 Hz flashing light
at the bay where the part was placed and from which the conveyor can
be started
2 Hz flashing light
at both bays as long as the transport function is running

Conversion Operations I -> DI -> REAL
Data in integer format

(16 bits)
Conversion from Conversion from Math

Task integer to double integer program
double integer to real number with
real numbers
F AWL
I_DI
B MD14
EN OUT
D DI_R
ENO EN OUT MD26
MW12 IN L MW12
LAD ENO ITD
MD14 IN
DTR
T MD26
I_DI DI_R
EN ENO EN ENO
MW12 IN OUT MD14 MD14 IN OUT MD26

Digital Logic Operations
WXOR_W L IW 0
WOR_W
L W#16#5F2A
WAND_W
AW / OW / XOW
EN ENO
T MW10
IW0 IN1
OUT MW10 15 0
W#16#5F2A IN2
IW0 = 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
W#16#5F2A = 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
AND OR XOR
MW10 after “AW” ex. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
MW10 after “OW” ex. 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
MW10 after “XOW” ex. 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0


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Digital Operations

M0.0 CMP ==I Q 9.7

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

M0.0 CMP ==I Q 9.7

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Upon completion of this chapter the participant will ...

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Process Field devices

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 HEX: W#16 0 2 9 6

DEC: - 662 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 HEX: W#16 F D 6 A

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Value Range L# -2147483648 to L#+2147483647 Arithmetic

DEC: L# +540809 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

DEC: L# -540809 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

Representation as HEX: DW#16# F F F 7 B F 7 7

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Value Range -1.175495•10-38 to 3.402823•10+38 Arithmetic

General Format of a Real Number = (Sign) • (1.f) • (2e-127)

Example: 7.50000e-001 (7.5 * 10-1 = 0.75)

Real No. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Value Range 16 Bit: - 999 to + 999 Conversion

HEX: W#16# 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

LAD FBD STL

5 IN OUT MB5 5 IN ENO

Examples L +5 // 16-bit constant (Integer)

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

L MD 0 MB0 MB1 MB2 MB3

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Data type 0.01s <-- 0 0

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

Time specifications as constants

Time specifications per variable X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

Time base Units of time (BCD-coded)

Residual units of time (Integer)

Accu 1 cont. after “LC T...” exec. X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

Time base Residual units of time (BCD-coded)

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

LAD FBD STL

I_BCD I_BCD L MW10

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for

LAD FBD STL

M3.4 CMP ==I Q 9.7 CMP ==I A M3.4

SIMATIC® S7 Date: 03.09.2018 SITRAIN Training for