SEMINAR ON

MOTHERBOARD
What is a motherboard….????
We all know that a motherboard is a vital part of
every PC.
A motherboard houses the BIOS (Basic Input
Output System), which is the simple software run
by a computer when initially turned on. Other
components attach directly to it, such as the
memory, CPU (Central Processing Unit), graphics
card, sound card, hard-drive, disk drives, along
with various external ports and peripherals.
Structure of Motherboard
Diagram of Motherboard
 Components of Motherboard
Processor Socket
Memory(RAM) Slots
IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics) Connector
AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port)
PCI Slots(Expansion Slots)
North Bridge
South Bridge
BIOS(Basic Input Output System)
Onboard USB Adapter
Onboard Sound Card
Onboard Serial Port
Onboard Parallel Port
Onboard PS2 Mouse/Keyboard Connector
 Processor Socket
A CPU socket is often made up of plastic, a metal lever or latch
and metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU. Most
packages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion of the CPU.
CPUs with a PGA package are inserted into the socket and the
latch is closed. This has the effect of physically securing and
protecting the CPU as well as causing an electrical connection
between all the CPU pins and the socket. In the case of LGA the
CPU is placed onto the socket and a latch is closed over the CPU,
securing it. Most CPU sockets are designed to support the
installation of a heat sink. It must be able to protect the CPU from
the weight of the heat sink (often very heavy in weight relative to
the CPU) particularly during the installation and removal, but also
ensuring the heats ink makes good thermal contact with the CPU.
CPU sockets provide an advantage over directly attaching CPUs to
the PCB by making it easier to replace the processor in the event of
a failure. The CPU is often the most expensive component in the
system and the cost of a CPU socket is relatively low which makes
this popular among computer system manufacturers.
The nature of a CPU socket requires it not only to make good
electrical contact with the CPU, but also to be soldered to the PCB
with which it interfaces.
 Memory(RAM) Slots

Memory slots are used to connect a motherboard with

RAM(Random Access Memory).
RAM is used to store the temporary data like OS files ,
user files, files required to run an application.
A file to be copied from HDD to external medias like
CD ,floppy ,pen drive etc also use RAM as their medium.
 Much of the memory available today is dual data
rate (DDR) memory. This means that the memory
can transmit data twice per cycle instead of once,
which makes the memory faster. Also, most
motherboards have space for multiple memory chips,
and on newer motherboards, they often connect to
the north bridge via a dual bus instead of a single bus.
This further reduces the amount of time it takes for
the processor to get information from the memory.
 IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics)
Connector
It is used to connect different IDE based
Peripherals to Motherboard.
Peripherals such as:
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
HDD(Hard Disk Drive) etc.
AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port)
It is used to connect the graphic card
also known as video adapter to the
motherboard.
Using the graphics card we connect
our computer with the display i.e
monitor.
 PCI Slots(Expansion Slots)
It is used to connect the external peripheral devices.
They include:
Sound card
Radio card
TV tuner card etc.
 North Bridge
North Bridge controls the flow of data between the
CPU/Processor and Graphic card , RAM.
 South Bridge
South Bridge controls the flow of data between
CPU/Processor and everything except which the north
bridge does.
It includes PCI,HDD,LAN ports ,USB Ports etc.
 BIOS(Basic Input Output System)
Booting the computer.
Validates the PC configuration.
Provides an interface between hardware and software.
BIOS Snap
 Onboard USB Adapter
It is used to connect any external media or devices
supporting the USB(Universal Serial Bus) connection.
Devices such as Printer , Pen-drive ,Modem ,External
HDD etc.
 Onboard Sound Card
Some motherboards have an onboard audio out.
It is used to give the audio output of the computer.
 Onboard Serial Port
The serial port is used to connect your motherboard to
monitor/display.
 Onboard Parallel Port
The parallel port is used to connect your pc to any
printer having a parallel port connector.
Onboard PS2 Mouse/Keyboard Connector
PS2 connector is used to connect our keyboard and
mouse to the pc for giving inputs.
 Conclusion
Unless you have limitless resources, price is always a
consideration when buying computer component. A
motherboard usually takes up a fairly large part of any PC
budget, so it requires careful consideration. It is worth
bearing in mind that cheaper boards sometimes support only
more expensive components: If this is the case, work out the
total cost of buying the board and components, as
sometimes it may be worth spending a little more on a more
expensive board. A cheap motherboard may be more
unreliable and more trouble than it is worth. A motherboard
is one of those components where it pays to spend a little
extra.
Thank you...