HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION
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 A settlement is a place where people live.

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EKISTICS
The term Ekistics (coined by Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942) applies to the
science of human settlements. It includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling
design.

Ekistic units : Doxiadis believed that the conclusion from biological and social experience
was clear: to avoid chaos means confusion or place of great disorder ,

we must organize our system of life from anthropos (individual) to ecumenopolis (global city) in
hierarchical levels, represented by human settlements.

so he articulated a general hierarchical scale with

fifteen levels of ekistic units: polis (city) – 75,000

Anthropos – 1 small metropolis – 500,000

room – 2 metropolis – 4 million

house – 5 small megalopolis – 25 million

housegroup (hamlet) – 40 megalopolis – 150 million

small neighborhood (village) – 250 small eperopolis – 750 million

neighborhood – 1,500 eperopolis – 7,500 million

small polis (town) – 10,000 Ecumenopolis – 50,000 million

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EKISTICS

includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design ,

Involves the study of all kinds of human settlements, with a view to geography and
ecology — the physical environment .

 Ekistics as a science:
" to reexamine all principles and theories and to readjust the disciplines and
professions connected with settlements

 Ekistics Framework
“Settlements are man's response to his combined economic, social,
political, technological and cultural human needs. As a result, man
becomes successful with his response to this need only if he is happy and
safe within the settlement that he creates for himself.”
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HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INHABITED BY MAN –

Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live

Created through movement of man in space and definition of boundaries of
territorial interest for physical and institutional purposes

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS CONSIST OF:

•The Content: Man, Society and Networks

•The Container: Physical Settlement
(Nature and Shell)
• Natural Elements
• Man-made (artificial) Elements

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS COMPRISE OF ALL SETTLEMENTS,

from primitive to most elaborate, from old to new, from small to big, from
temporary to permanent, from single to composite
Settlements types
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 Conurbation/metropolitan area – a supercity consisting of multiple cities and
towns. The population is usually several million.

 Large City – a city with a large population and many services. The population is >1
million people.

 City – a city would have abundant services, but not as many as a large city. The
population of a city is over 100,000 people.

 Large town – a large town has a population of 20,000 to 100,000.

 Town – a town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000

 Village – a village generally does not have many services, possibly only a small
corner shop or post office. A village has a population of 100 to 1,000.

 Hamlet – a hamlet has a tiny population (<100) and very few (if any) services, and
few buildings.

 Isolated dwelling – an isolated dwelling would only have 1 or 2 buildings or

families in it. It would have negligible services, if any.
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Isolated dwelling
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Dispersed Settlements

A dispersed settlement is an area in

which people settle but there
homes are far away from each
other it is now said to be a
scattered area.

Hamlet – a hamlet has a tiny

population (<100) and very
few (if any) services, and few
buildings

Human settlements may

consist of only a few
dwelling units (hamlets),
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Hamlet
• A hamlet is (usually—see below) a rural community —a small
settlement — which is too small to be considered a village. A hamlet
has a tiny population (<100) and very few (if any) services, and few
buildings.
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• It includes the temporary camp

of the hunters and herders;
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• The Permanent Settlements

Called Villages;
 Village
• A village is a clustered human settlement or
community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller
than a town or city. Though generally located
in rural areas.
• A village generally does not have many
services, possibly only a small corner shop or
post office. A village has a population of 100
to 1,000.
 Town
• A town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000.
• A town is a type of settlement ranging from a
few to several thousand (occasionally
hundreds of thousands) inhabitants. Usually, a
"town" is thought of as larger than a village
but smaller than a "city",
 City
• A city would have abundant services, but not
as many as a large city. The population of a
city is over 100,000 people.
• A city is an urban area with a large population
and a particular administrative, legal, or
historical status.
 Metropolitan area
• A metropolitan area is a large population
center consisting of a large metropolis and its
adjacent zone of influence
 Conurbation
 A conurbation is an urban area or agglomeration
comprising a number of cities, large towns and larger
urban areas that, through population growth and
physical expansion, have merged to form one
continuous urban and industrially developed area.
 A conurbation can be confused with a metropolitan
area. As the term is used in North America, a
metropolitan area consists of many neighborhoods,
while a conurbation consists of many different
metropolitan areas that are connected with one
another and are usually interdependent economically
and socially.
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• they may be as large as megalopolis with a big cluster of buildings
accommodating millions of people.
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• And Large Urban Agglomerations.

The term agglomeration is also linked to

conurbation, which is a more specific term
for large urban clusters where the built-up
zones of influence of distinct cities or towns
are connected by continuous built-up
development

The Greater
Tokyo Area, the
world's largest
urban
agglomeration,
with 38.4 million
people.
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EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS &

URBANIZATION

 Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements,

 Principles on the Creation of Human Settlements ,

3. Elements of Human Settlements ,

4. Basic Parts of Composite Human Settlements ,

5. Classification of Human Settlements ,

6. Evolution of Human Settlements .