Cloud Computing Based Real-Time Energy Management System with RNN-LSTM Wind Forecasting

Behrouz Azimian1, Dan Lu1, Xingwu Wang1, Luigi Vanfretti2

1Alfred
University, Alfred, New York, USA
2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

General Meeting 2018 mr.behrouz.azimian@ieee.org

1. Introduction 4. Experimental Design 6. Microgrid 13800V

480V 13800V

• We propose a method to combine Energy • The LSTM structure is depicted in the

Storage Systems (ESS), loads, and renewable
sources which can operate as a microgrid during
main grid outages.
• With Internet of Things (IoT) and Real-Time
Hardware-in-Loop (RT-HIL), one can monitor
and control power flows.
• Machine learning and cloud computing can be
utilized for 10 minutes ahead renewable
generation prediction.
• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long
Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method is used for
wind power production.
following figure. where Xt is the real time
wind power generation acquired from IoT
data acquisition system, ht is the hidden
state which can be represented by the
previous state ht-1 and the current input Xt
under a control of a set of weight
coefficient (stored as the short-term
memory), and Ct is the cell state which
keeps long short-term memory (seasonal or
monthly information of historical data) and
Ct-1 will be trained along with ht-1 to the
updated Ct.

Forecasted
wind
2. Motivation and Background power

• By 2030, the renewable energy penetration level

in New York State’s electric power generation • The predicted output is sent to simulated 480V 4160V

will be 50%. New wind farms are being
proposed, planned and installed in upstate New
York.
• The downstate region of New York (Long
Island, New York City, and the Hudson Valley)
annually uses 66% of the state’s electric energy.
Yet, that region’s power plants generate only
53% of the state’s electricity1. Enabling upstate
resources to better serve downstate consumers.
renewable energy integrated power system
(OPAL-RT), and real time response of the
entire system is monitored to ensure system
security constraint compliances by
generating correction control signals.
Generation or Storage Capacity Load
Wind turbine rated power 1.5MW System total static load 4.07 MW

• Local consumptions with energy storages such PV system rated power 1.5 MW Motor rated power 200kW
Energy Storage System
as batteries can be formed in distribution capacity
300 kWh (625 Ah, 480 V)
network; one can envision a resilient power
network to resist power outages due to extreme
weather and other unexpected events. Forming a
community power island may be beneficial to
5. Wind Forecasting Results 7. Real-Time Simulation Result
use the upstate wind power resources Current State
Scenario 1
Forecasted Wind Power SOC 80%
Grid 1.33 MW
Wind 1.57 MW
3. Methodology Solar 1.17 MW

OPAL RT-HIL Simulation

Next Forecasting Time
Actual Wind Power Interval
• A microgrid testbed is used for simulation
SOC 85%
which could be considered as a representation
Grid 0
of Alfred power grid.
Wind 2.9 MW
• Wind power generation data from a system of The above figure shows the forecasted wind power and Solar 1.5 MW
100 kW wind turbine located on Alfred State actual data gathered. After initial “machine learning,” the -300 KW
College campus are used. ESS
predication yields close resemblance of actual data. It (Charging)
RNN-LSTM for Wind Forecasting2 takes 20 seconds to forecast the next 10 minutes’ wind
speed, indicating a promising methodology for real-time
• RNN allows to connect previous information to operation.
the present state such as wind power Current
ScenarioState
2
forecasting. SOC 85%
• In some cases, where the gap between the Grid 1.75 MW
relevant information and the place that it’s 8. Conclusion Wind 1.5 MW
needed to be predicted is small, RNNs can learn Solar 1 MW
to use the past information. However, as that • A Latency can been seen in the forecasted wind power. Motor 200 kW
gap grows, RNNs become unable to learn to Such time delay can be corrected by systematically
connect the information. shifting the time Islanding
• LSTMs are a special kind of RNN, capable of • In scenario 1 the inverter rating should be able to
Grid 0
Motor 0
learning long-term dependencies. handle 300kW and in scenario 2 the inverter rating
1.6 MW
should at least handle 1.6 MW which means that ESS
(Discharging)
(Standard RNN)
several inverter units need to be used in parallel. Post Fault
SOC 60 %
Grid 1.75 MW

9. Future Work Motor 200 kW

ESS 0

(RNN-LSTM) • designing a real-time energy management system with

live data from wind turbines nearby, harvested via IoT
data acquisitions systems.
• Implementing a control system to use the ESS in order
to compensate for the wind power forecast error
References
1. Power Trends: New York’s Evolving Electric Grid 2017, New York Independent System Operator, 2017.
2. http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/
3. H. Hooshyar, F. Mahmood, L. Vanfretti, M. Baudette, Specification, implementation, and hardware-in-the-loop real-time
simulation of an active distribution grid, Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Volume 3, 2015, Pages 36-51,