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Medan Magnet
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Arah rambat
Diagram was taken from : Douglas A. Skoog and James J. Leary, Principles of
Instrumental Analysis, 4th ed., Saunders College Publishing, 1992, page 61.
SPEKTRUM
ELEKTROMAGNETIK
Panjang 200 400 800 3200 (nm)
Gelombang
Nuclear
Vacuum Vibrational Magnetic
Ultraviolet Infrared resonance
0.5
0.0
nl = c
-0.5
-1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Sifat materi dari Cahaya
Rumus Planck’s
E = hv
h = Konstanta
s Planck' (6.63 x 1 0 -34 Joule / sec)
n = Frekuensi
n = 1/ l
n = Bilangan gelombang (cm )
-1
l = Panjang gelombang
Sifat Gelombang & Materi dari Cahaya
Energi, E = hc = hn
l
Kondisi eksitasi E1
Perbedaab Energi
DE e DE = E1 - E0 = hn
Radiasi
Kondisi Dasar E0
ABSOBSI RADIASI
Energi
v2
v1
v0
E1
Transisi v2 Transition
rotational Elektronik
5
4
3 v1
8
2 Transisi Vibrasional
1
0 v0 E0
E = hn in which h is Planck’s constant (6.626 * 10-34 Joules
and n is the frequency of the radiation
APA YANG MENYEBABKAN
ABSORBSI PADA DAERAH UV/VIS?
Beberapa ikatan tunggal
Ikatan rangkap
Ikatan rangkap terkonyugasi
Beberapa logam dan senyawa
anorganik
N, O, S, halogen
STRUKTUR DAN ENERGI
Tingkat energi 8
Orbital p *
Unoccupied
Orbital s * level
Non-bonding Orbital 8
Orbital s Occupied
Orbital p level
O Ketone 278
||
CH3(CH2)3CCH3
O - Unsaturated 219
|| ketone (conjugated)
CH2-CHCCH3
SOLVENT CUT-OFFS
-
O3S CH2N C NCH2
C2H5 C2H5
SO3-
NH
OC2H5
SPEKTRUM COOMASSIE
BRILLIANT BLUE
SPEKTRUM ANTHRACENE
C14H10
Absorbance
Wavelength (nm)
PENGARUH SUBSTITUEN
e HIperkromik
Hipsokromik Batokromik
(blue shift) (red shift)
Hipokromik
BLUE RED
Diagram was taken from : Donald L. Pavia et. al., Introduction to Spectroscopy,
Saunders Golden Sunburst Series, 1979, page 191
PENGARUH KONYUGASI
Spektrum Dimetilpolienes CH3 (CH = CH)n CH3
Log e B
C
A n=5
n=4
n=3
dimana
T : Transmitan
e : Koeffisien Ekstinsi Molar
l : Optical Path length
C : Konsentrasi Analit
ABSORBSI & KONSENTRASI
NOTE : DIASUMSIKAN DALAM KEADAAN IDEAL
Dari
Monokromator
HUKUM LAMBERT’S :
T
Konsentrasi Konsentrasi
Pada konsentrasi
tinggi,lebih banyak
molekul dalam larutan
PENGARUH INTERAKSI KIMIA
5.0 %
1.0
Diagram was taken from : Douglas A. Skoog and James J. Leary, Principles of
Instrumental Analysis, 4th ed., Saunders College Publishing, 1992, page 131.
PENGARUH STRAY LIGHT
Nila1 Absorban dengan adanya stray light (A’)
1
A’ = log
T+r
dimana
T : Transmitan dengan adanya stray radiation
r : Stray radiation readout fraction to the ideal
reference signal
Cc = Ac X Cs
As
A = a b c
KURVA KALIBRASI
Abs = m*Concentration + K0
Absorbance
Slope m = e l
A1 = B1 + C1
A2 = B2 + C2
A1-A2 = (B1+C1) - (B2 + C2)
= B1 + C1 - B2 - C2.......................C1=C2
= B1 - B2
A = B1 - B2 ...................................B = kb
= k1b - k2b
= (k1-k2) b
MULTI KOMPONEN
A=kC l1 ----- A 1 = K11C1 + K12C2 + K13C3
l2 ----- A 2 = K21C2 + K22C2 + K23C3
A = n i=1 Ai = n i=1 KiCi
l3 ----- A 3 = K31C1 + K32C2 + K33C3
C11 C12 C1m P11 P12 P1l P1o A11 A12 A1m
C21 ........... P21 ...........
Cnj Cnm = Pni Pn2 Pnl Pno
A21
Anj
...........
Anm