Jan Darrel B.

Ocampo 20181166370
1-EE M1-Assign1 – Integration Course I

Question and Answer:

1.8.) The electric charge q = 2000t moves through a conductor where q is in

microcoulombs and t is in milliseconds. Calculate the current in ampere.

Solution: Q = 2000t
𝑑
2000 x 10-3 = 2 → Q = 2t → I = (2t) = 2 amp.
𝑑𝑡

1.10.) Calculate the number of free electrons in a 30.48-meter wire made of copper if
the diameter is 1.168 x 10-2 meter.
𝜋 𝜋
Solution: Volume = (4 d2) L = ( 4 (1.168 x 10-2)2 (30.48*100)) = 0.327 cm3

Free electrons = (1023) (0.327) = 3.27 x 1022

1.11.) The specific resistivity of brass is 11.4 micro-ohm-cm. Compare the resistances
of brass rod A and B is 1 meter long and has an area of 2 sq.cm and rod B is ½ meter
long and has an area of 4 sq. cm.
𝑙𝑎
𝑅𝑎 ρcu ( ) la Ab 𝑅𝑎 (1)∗(4) 4
Solution: 𝑅𝑏 = 𝐴𝑎
𝑙𝑏 = lb Aa → = (1/2)∗(2) = 1 = 1 → Ra = 4Rb
ρcu ( ) 𝑅𝑏
𝐴𝑏

1.14.) A coil of copper wire (ρcu = 10.37 micro-ohm-cm/ft) has a length of 182.88
meters. What is the length if aluminum conductor (ρAl =17 micro-ohm-cm/ft) of the
same area and resistance as those of the copper coil?

Solution: Rcu = RAl Rcu Acu = RAl AAl

𝐿 𝑐𝑢
Rcu ρcu
𝐴 𝑐𝑢
Acu = AAl R 𝐴𝐿
= 𝐿 𝐴𝑙
ρal
𝐴 𝐴𝑙

𝑅𝑐𝑢(𝐴𝑐𝑢) 10.37(182.88)
LAl = = = 111.56 m
𝑅𝐴𝑙 17

1.15.) In a toaster the heating unit is a Nichrome wire whose resistance is 660 ohm-
CM/ft and resistance is 20 ohms. Determine the resistance of copper conductor of equal
cross-section but 10 times as long as the Nichrome Wire.

Solution: Note: resistivity of copper is 10.37 ohm-CM / ft

𝑅2 ρ2(L2) 𝑅2 10.37(10L1)
= ; L2 = 10L1 → =
𝑅1 ρ1(L1) 20 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠 660(L1)

R2 = 3.14 ohms

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 1.16.) No.6 AWG copper wire has an area of 13.30 mm 2 and the resistivity at 20Oc is
1.75 x 10-6 ohm-cm. Determine the length of No.6 copper wire of the same temperature
to give a resistance of 0.12 cm.

Solution: R = ρL / A → L = RA / ρ
13.30 𝑚𝑚2
(0.12 𝑜ℎ𝑚)( )
100
L= = 9120 cm or 91.2 m
1.75 x 10−6 ohm−cm

1.18.) An aluminum wire of unknown cross-section has a diameter of 0.635 cm and a

resistance of 0.28 ohm. If the wire is drawn through a series of dies until its diameter is
reduced to 0.127 cm, what is the resistance of the lengthened conductor? Assume the
resistivity remains unchanged.

Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
A1 = ( 4 d2) = ( 4 (0.635)2) = 0.3167 cm2 ; A2 = ( 4 d2) = ( 4 (0.127)2) = 0.0127 cm2

A1 0.3167 2
R2 = R1 ( )2 = 0.28 ( ) = 174.12 ohms
A2 0.0127

1.19.) The resistance of a 305-meter No.4 solid copper conductor at 20Oc is 0.249 ohm.
What is the resistance of the wire at 75Oc?

𝑅1 𝑅2 0.249 𝑜ℎ𝑚 𝑅2
Solution: |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇2 → = 234.5+75 ; R2 = 0.303 ohms
234.5+20

1.20.) A special coil of copper wire is embedded to act as a temperature sensor to

measure the temperature rise inside a machine. At a room temperature of 30Oc, the coil
resistance is 150 ohms. After several hours of operation, the resistance has increased to
170 ohms. Determine the temperature rise and the final temperature of the machine.

Solution: Inferred zero for copper = -234.5

𝑅1 𝑅2 150 𝑜ℎ𝑚 170 𝑜ℎ𝑚
Final temperature: |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇2 → = ; T2 = 65.27Oc
234.5+30 234.5+𝑇2

Temperature Rise = T2 – T1 → ΔT = 65.27 Oc - 30 Oc = 35.27 Oc

1.21.) The temperature coefficient of resistance of aluminum is 0.004237. The

resistance of an aluminum coil at 30Oc is 10.1 ohms. Determine its resistance at (a) 0Oc,
(b) 35Oc.

Solution: αal at 0Oc (assume) = 0.004237 ; R1 = 10.1 ohms at 30 Oc

𝑅1
Inferred zero: α1 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1 Temperature Coefficient: at 30Oc
1 𝑅1 1
0.004237 = 𝑥+0 α1 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1 = 236.02+30 = 0.003759
x = 236.02

(a) Resistance at 0Oc (b) Resistance at 35Oc

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 R2 = R1 [1+ αal (t2 – t1) R2 = R1 [1+ αal (t2 – t1)
= 10.1 [ 1 + 0.003759(0 – 30)] = 10.1 [ 1 + 0.003759(35 – 30)]
R2 = 8.96 ohms R2 = 10.29 ohms

1.22.) The tungsten filament if an incandescent lamp had a resistance of 7 ohms at a

room temperature of 24Oc. When it is connected to the electric source the resistance
rises to 96 ohms. Compute the operating temperature. The inferred zero for tungsten is
-202Oc.

Solution:
𝑅1 𝑅2 7 𝑜ℎ𝑚 96 𝑜ℎ𝑚
|𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1
= |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇2 → = 202+𝑇2 ; T2 = 2897.43Oc
202+24

1.23.) The shunt field of a dc generator has a resistance of 60.1 ohms at a room
temperature of 30Oc. Determine (a) its resistance at 0 Oc, (b) its resistance at its
allowable working temperature which is 40Oc above room temperature.

Solution: Inferred zero for copper = 234.5

(a) t2 = 0Oc (b) t2 = 30Oc + 40Oc = 70Oc

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅2
|𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1
= |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇2 |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇1
= |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇2

60.1 𝑜ℎ𝑚 𝑅2 60.1 𝑜ℎ𝑚 𝑅2

= 234.5+0 = 234.5+70
234.5+30 234.5+30

(0.227)234.5 = R2 ; R2 = 53.23 ohms (0.227)(234.5+70) = R2 ; R2 = 69.12 ohms

1.24.) The temperature coefficient of resistance 20Oc of aluminum is 0.003906.

Determine (a) inferred zero, (b) temperature coefficient at 0 Oc, (c) at 30Oc, (d) at 40Oc.

Solution:
1 1
(a) aluminum = -236Oc (inferred zero) (c) α30 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇30 = = 0.003759
236+30

1 1 1 1
(b) αo = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇𝑜 = 236+0 = 0.004237 (d) α40 = |𝑙𝑛𝑓.𝑧|+𝑇40 = 236+40 = 0.003623

1.25.) Aluminum has a conductivity of 353600 mho/cm at 20Oc. Determine: (a)

conductance and resistance of an aluminum bus bar 15.24 cm by 1.27 cm and 12.8
meters long, (b) weight in kilograms. The density of aluminum is 2.7 grams/cm 3.

Solution:
ȣ = 353,600 mho / cm ; ρ= 2.7 grams/cm3
A = 15.24 cm (1.27 cm) = 19.35 cm2; L = 12.8 m (100 cm) = 1280 cm

𝐴 19.35 𝑐𝑚2
(a) G = ȣ ( 𝐿 ) = 353600 mho/cm ( 1280 𝑐𝑚 ) = 5345.44 mho
1 1
R = 𝐺 = 5345.44 = 187.08 ohm

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 𝑚 𝑚
(b) ρ= 𝑉
= 𝐴∗𝐿 → m = ρ * A * L = (2.7 g/cm3) (19.35 cm3) (1280 cm) = 66.87 kg.

1.26.) No.6 AWG copper wire has a cross-sectional area of 0.133 cm2 and a specific
resistance at 25Oc is 1.725 micro-ohm-cm. Determine the conductance of 259.08 meters
of such.

Solution: G = A / ρL
(0.133 𝑐𝑚2 )
L = (1.725 x 10−6 ohm−cm)(259.08 m x 100) = 2.98 mho

1.27.) The diameter of No. 00 AWG round wire is 0.365 inch. Determine it’s cross-
section in (a) square inches, (b) square cm, (c) square mils, (d) circular mils.

Solution:
(a) 0.365 inch = 0.3652 = 0.133 in2
(b) (0.133 in2) (6.452 cm2) = 0.858 cm2
(c) (0.133 in2) (1000000 sq.mils) = 133000 sq.mils
(d) (0.365 inch) (1000 mils) = 365 mils
CM = d2 = 3652 = 133225 C

1.28.) The diameter of No. 0000 AQG solid conductor is 460 mils. Compute for its area
in (a) square cm, (b) square meters, (c) circular mils.

(a) Area = d2 (5.066 x 10-6) = 4602 (5.066 x 10-6) = 1.072 cm2

1 𝑚𝑚2
(b) 1.072 cm2 = 10000 𝑐𝑚2 = 1.072 x 10-4 m2

(c) Circular Mils = d2 = 4602 = 211600 CM

2.20.) Calculate (a) I1; (b) I2; (c) I3

(6)(4) 24 (4.4)(8)
Solution: R1 = = 10 = 2.4Ω; R2 = = 2.84Ω; RT = 3+2.84+2.5 = 8.34Ω
6+4 4.4 + 8

83.38 𝑉
(a) I1 = 5.5+2.84 = 10A (b) ΔV = IR

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 ΔV = 10A (5.5Ω) = 55 V
28.38 𝑉
(c) 2𝛺+2.4𝛺 = 6.45A 83.38V – 55V = 28.38 V
28.38 𝑉
ΔV = 6.45A (2Ω) = 12.9 V I2 = = 3.548A
8𝛺
28.38V – 12.9V = 15.48 V
15.48 𝑉
I3 = = 2.58A
6𝛺

2.21.) Determine V in the figure shown.

Solution:
1/2(1/2) 1 5/4(1/2)
R1 = 1/2+1/2 = 4 Ω; RT = 5/4+1/2 = 0.36 Ω

G = 1/R = 1/0.36 = 2.78

28𝐴
V = 2.78 = 10.07 V

2.22.) Determine the current I in the circuit.

6(12) 6(6) 6(3) 2(2)

Solution: R1 = 6+12 = 4 Ω; R1 = 6+6 = 3 Ω; R1 = 6+3 = 2 Ω; R1 = 2+2 = 1 Ω

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 𝑉 100
RT = 3 Ω + 1 Ω = 4 Ω; I = 𝑅 = 4
= 25 A

2.23.) Four resistors of 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-ohms values are connected in series across a
220-volt dc source. Calculate (a) total resistance of the loads, (b) current; and (c)
voltage across each resistor.

Solution:
(a) RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 (c) V1 = IR1 = (11) (2) = 22 Ω
RT = 2 Ω + 4 Ω+ 6 Ω + 8 Ω V2 = IR2 = (11) (4) = 44 Ω
RT = 20 Ω V3 = IR3 = (11) (6) = 66 Ω
V4 = IR4 = (11) (8) = 88 Ω
(b) I = V / R = 220 / 20 = 11 A

2.24.) A street lighting system in Metro Manila has 90 incandescent lamps each having
a resistance of 50 ohms and requiring 1.5 amperes. The total resistance of feeders is 20
ohms. Determine the voltage of the supply lines.

Solution: RT = (90 lamps*50 ohms) + 20 ohms = 4520 ohms ; I = 1.5 Amp

V = IRT = (1.5) (4520) = 6780 V

2.26.) RA (100 ohms), RB (120 ohms) and RC (150 ohms) are connected in parallel.
Determine the value of current to parallel system which will make the current in R A
equal to 1.2 Amperes. Determine also the total equivalent resistance.

Solution: V = IR = (1.2) (100) = 120 V

𝑉 120 𝑉 120
IB = 𝑅𝑏 = 120 = 1 A ; IC = 𝑅𝑐 = 150 = 0.8 A

IT = Ia + Ib + Ic = 1.2 + 1 + 0.8 = 3 A
1 1 1
RT = ( + + )-1 = 40 Ω
100Ω 120Ω 150Ω

2.27.) RA = 40 ohms, RB = 50 ohms, RD = 56 ohms and total current is 10 Amp. If the

current in IA is 2.5 amp, calculate (a) RC, (b) total resistance and (c) current in RB, RC
and RD.

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 Solution: V = IARA = 2.5(40) = 100
𝑉 100 𝑉 100
IB = 𝑅𝑏 = 50 = 2 A ; ID = 𝑅𝑑 = = 1.79 A
56

Since IT = 10 amp → 10 – 2.5A – 2A – 1.79A = 3.71

IC = 3.71
𝑉 100 1 1 1 1
= RC → 3.71 = 26.95 ohms ; RT = 40 + 50 + 56 + 26.95 = 10 ohms.
𝐼𝑐

2.28.) In one section of a manufacturing plant there are fifty 100-watt, thirty 75-watt
and forty 60-watt incandescent lamps, all connected in parallel to a 220-volt source.
Calculate (a) the total power; (b) the total current; (c) the current through each size of
lamp.

Solution:
(a) P1 = (50) (100 W) = 5000 W (c) I50 = P50 / V = 100/220 = 0.455 A
P2 = (30) (75 W) = 2250 W I30 = P30 / V = 75/220 = 0.341 A
P3 = (40) (60 W) = 2400 W I40 = P40 / V = 60/220 = 0.273 A
PT = P1 + P2 + P3
PT = 5000 + 2250 + 2400 = 9650 W

(b) I1 = P1 / V = 5000 / 220 = 22.73 A

I2 = P2 / V = 2250 / 220 = 10.23 A
I3 = P2 / V = 2400 / 220 = 10.91 A
IT = I 1 + I 2 + I 3
IT = 22.73 + 10.23 + 10.91 = 43.87 A

2.29.) Using the data of Problem 2.28 calculate (a) the equivalent resistance of the entire
load; and (b) the resistance of each size of lamp.

Solution:
𝑉 220 𝑉 𝑉2 2202
(a) RT = 𝐼𝑇 = 43.87 𝐴 = 5.01Ω ; (b) R1 = 𝑃1 = 5000 = 9.68Ω

𝑉2 2202
R2 = 𝑃1 = 2250 = 21.51Ω

𝑉2 2202
R3 = 𝑃1 = 2400 = 20.17Ω

2.30.) A centrifugal pump is driven by an electric motor that takes a current of 20

amperes from a 220-volt source. Calculate (a) the power input to the motor and (b) the
output of the motor in KW and horsepower if the motor efficiency is 80%.

Solution:
(a) Pin = IV = (20) (220) = 4400 watts (b) Pout = IV = (20) (220)
IV = (4400) (0.8) = 3.52 kw

HP = 3.52 kw / 746 = 4.72 Hp

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 2.32.) A dc shunt generator is rated at 5 kw and 125 volts and its efficiency at rated load
is 85%. Calculate (a) current rating; (b) KW input; (c) horsepower input.

Solution:
(a) I = P/V = 5kw / 125 V = 40 A (c) HP = 5.88 kw / 746 = 7.88 hp

(b) 5000 W / 0.85 = 5.88 kw

2.34.) How long will it take a 480-watt, 120-volt percolator to raise the temperature of
1000 grams of water from 15Oc to 100Oc assuming a heat loss of 22%. What is the
resistance of the heating element?

Solution:
Heat loss = 20% Cp = 4.187 joules / g Oc
m = 1000 g ; Eff’y = 100 – 22 = 78% P = 480 W ; T1 = 15 Oc
ΔT = (100Oc - 15Oc) = 85Oc V = 120 V ; T2 = 100 Oc

Qout = mCp ΔT = (1000) (4.187) (85) = 355.9 kJ

𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 355.9 𝑘𝐽
Win = 𝐸𝑓𝑓′𝑦 = = 456.28 kJ = 456.28 kw-sec
0.78
𝑊 456.28 𝑘𝑤−𝑠𝑒𝑐
W = pt → t = = = 950.58 sec or 15.84 mins.
𝑝 480 𝑊
𝑉2 1202
R= = = 30 ohms
𝑃 480

2.40.) A 50-hp, 230-volt motor operates at full load at an efficiency of 90%. It is

170.688 meters from a generator, the wires connecting the motor and generator being
No. 4/0. (a) What current does the motor take? (b) What is the voltage drop in the line
wires? (c) what is the generator voltage?

Solution: 170.688 meters → 560 ft.; AWG No. 4/0 → R= 0.0490Ω

𝐻𝑝 𝑥 746 50 𝑥 746
(a) I = 𝑉 𝑥 𝐸𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑦 = 230 𝑥 0.90 = 180.19A

(2∗𝐼∗𝐿∗𝑅) (2∗180.19𝐴∗560𝑓𝑡∗0.0490Ω)
(b) Vd = = = 9.89V
1000 1000

(c) EG = Vs + Vd = 230V + 9.89V = 239.89V

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