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1.0 INTRODUCTION:
Earthing system is installed in such a manner that it will limit the effect of ground potential gradients
to such a voltage & current level that it will not endanger the safety of people or equipment under normal &
fault conditions as well as assure the continuity of service.
As solidly /effectively grounded system produce higher fault current thus 415V system are considered for
earthing design.
3.0 CALCUALTION:
I = 50000
Ki = Sq.Root ((QC (B+20) / S20) = 78
Qc = 0.0038
B = 202
δ20 = 0.00014
78.19
K = Ki * ln (1 + (θt-θ1)
(B+θ1)
Where, K = 78 ln (1 + (620-50)
(202+50)
θt = 620
θ1 = 50
K = 85.0148
A = (Ix√t) / K
= 588.133 mm2
1
= 588 mm2
As per CBIP manual no corrosion allowance is required for steel having corrosion resistance coating.
Required conductor Size = 588 mm2
= 75 x 10 mm
Hence, 75 X 10 mm Galvanized Steel flat is selected for buried earthmat.
Rs
= 100 x ρ ln 2 x Ls2
2 x 3.14 x Ls wt
Where,
p , Soil resistivity in Ωm = 100
L, Length of strip in cm = 69471.3
t, Width of the strip in cm = 7.5
W, Depth of burial in cm = 60
100x100 x ln 2x55274.82
Rs =
2πx55274.8 60x7.5
= 0.39 ohms
3.3.3 Total number of Pipe Electrode required for Grid resistance
Rs - Rg
Net Earth resistance R in ohms = 27.218
= 28 Nos
3.4 Resistance of Earth Electrode (Re)
= 1 (100 x E x ln (4L/d)
Re
n 2πL
Where,
n, No of earth pits = 28
L, Length of strip in cm = 275
d, Dia of electrode in cm = 10
E , Soil resistivity in Ωm 100
= 1 (100 x 100 x ln (4x275/10)
Re
28 2πx275
= 0.97 ohms
3.5 Combined Resistance
Re X Rg
Net Earth resistance R in ohms =
Re + Rg
0.86 x 0.97
Net Earth resistance R in ohms =
0.86+0.97
= 0.438 ohms
Remarks:
1 Material constant used here is as per IS 3043- 1987 only (considering Non hazardous area)
In this revision only resistance vaules of the electrodes will slightly vary from Rev:01. because of using log formula
2 instead of ln formula.
3 For fault level calculation here we are attaching short circuit analysis and reference.