Project: 110/11kV Substation at Uttur AREVA T & D India Ltd

3.0 CALCULATION:

3.1 Selection of cross section of grid conductor (A)

The Cross-section of Conductor is given by

I
A = mm2
⎛ TCAP.10 − 4 ⎞ ⎛ K + T ⎞
⎜ ⎟ln ⎜ o m ⎟
⎜ t .α .ρ ⎟ ⎜ K +T ⎟
⎝ r r r ⎠ ⎝ o a ⎠

8.3 mm2
-4
A = 3.749 x 10 x ln 236 +620
1 x 0.0039 x 15 236 + 50

A = 99 Sq.mm
99 Sq.mm
Where
K0 = (1 / α0 )
K0 = 236

Corrosion allowance Considered.

In the case of conductor to be laid in soil having resistivity 99 x 1.15

lower than 25ohm-metre or where treatment soil around = 113.85
electrodes is carried out 15% allowance.

Selected Conductor Size = 75mm x 8mm GI Flat

Hence Safe.

3.2 Determination of grounding conductor length:

The Earth Mat spacing considered for safe Step & Touch Potential = 6mx6m

Area of Substation A = 1242 Sq.m

Grid conductor periphery length Lp = 154 m

Maximum distance along grid length Lx = 54 m

Maximum distance along grid width Ly = 23.0 m

Length of each ground rod Lr = 3m

Total length of ground rods LR = 61 m

Spacing of grid conductor chosen D = 6m

Earthmat Design Cal.xls Sheet 4 of 8 Doc.No:7601PC031/DOC-05,R1

Project: 110/11kV Substation at Uttur AREVA T & D India Ltd

Estimation of Grid Conductor Length

The number of conductors parallel to the breadth = 10.0000 10.0000

The number of conductors parallel to the length = 5.000 4.833

The total length of the grid conductor along the Length & Width in the
= 500.0
switchyard

Grid conductor Combined Length (Lc) used in the switchyard LC = 500

= 500.0
Effective length of the buried Conductor in m LT = LC + LR

= 561 m
0.5
3.3 Calculation of Tolerable Touch voltage(Et) & Step voltage(Es)

The Surface Layer Derating factor Cs is given by

⎛ ρ ⎞⎟
0.09 ⎜1 -
Cs = ⎜ ρ ⎟
1- ⎝ s⎠
2 h + 0.09
s

∴ 0.09(1- (30/3000))
Cs = 1 -

2 x 0.1 + 0.09

Cs = 0.693

Tolerable Touch Voltage Et is given by

(1000 + 1.5C S × ρ S ) × 0.116

Et50 =
tS

= (1000+1.5 x 0.693 x 3000) x 0.116

0.5

Et50 = 676 V

Tolerable Step Voltage Es is given by

(1000 + 6C S × ρ S ) × 0.116
Es 50 = =
tS

= (1000+6 x 0.693 x 3000) x 0.116

0.5

Es50 = 2210 V

Earthmat Design Cal.xls Sheet 5 of 8 Doc.No:7601PC031/DOC-05,R1

Project: 110/11kV Substation at Uttur AREVA T & D India Ltd

3.4 Determination of Grid resistance (Rg)

⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥
1 1 ⎜1 + 1 ⎟⎥ Ω
Rg = ρ⎢ +
⎢ LT 20 . A ⎜ 20 ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎜ 1+ h ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ A ⎠⎦

Rg = 30 1 + 1 1 + 1
560.5 20 x1242 1+0.6 20 Ohm
1242

Rg = 0.421 Ohms

Since the Grid resistance Rg is Less than 1Ω, the design is safe.

3.5 Calculation of Attainable Mesh voltage(E t) & Step voltage(Es)

3.5.1 Determination of the effective No.of Parallel Conductor (n)

n = na x nb x nc x nd
Where
L
2 C
na =
L
P

= 2 x (500/154)

= 6.49

nb = ⎛⎜ L P ⎞⎟
⎜4 A ⎟
⎝ ⎠

= 154
4 x 1242

= 1.05
0.7A
⎛ L ⎞L ×L
Y
nc = ⎜ LX × ⎟ X Y=
⎜ A ⎟
⎝ ⎠
( 0.7 x 1242)/(54x23)
= 54 x 23
1242

= 1

nd = 1
(For Square,Rectangular & L-shaped grids)
∴ n = 6.82

Earthmat Design Cal.xls Sheet 6 of 8 Doc.No:7601PC031/DOC-05,R1

Project: 110/11kV Substation at Uttur AREVA T & D India Ltd

3.5.2 Determination of Ki:

Ki = 0.644 + (0.148 × n )

= 0.644 + (0.148 x 6.82)

= 1.65

3.5.3 Determination of Km:

1 ⎡ ⎛ D2 (D + 2h )2 − h ⎞⎟ + K ii . ln ⎛⎜ 8 ⎞⎟⎤
Km = ⎢ln ⎜⎜ + ⎥
2π ⎢⎣ ⎝ 16hd 8Dd 4d ⎟⎠ K h ⎜⎝ π(2n − 1) ⎟⎠⎥⎦

Where
Kii = 1 (For a grid with earth electrodes along the perimeter or for grids with electrodes in
grid corners as well as both along the perimeter and througout the grid area)

⎛ h ⎞
Kh = ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ ho ⎠

= 1.265

Where ho=1m (Grid reference depth)

∴ Km = -
1 ln 62 + (6+ 2 x 0.6)2 0.6
2 x 3.14 25 x 0.6 x0.02764 8 x 6 x0.02764 4 x0.02764

+ +1 ln 8

1.265 3.14 x (2 x 6.82 -1))

Km = 0.615

3.5.4 Determination of Ks:

1⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
+ + ⎛⎜1 − 0.5 n − 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥
Ks = π ⎢⎣ 2h D + h D ⎝ ⎠⎦

( 6.82 - 2)
= 1 1 + 1 + 1 ( 1- 0.5 )
3.14 2 x 0.6 6 +0.6 4

Ks = 0.365
3.5.5 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Lm for Touch Voltage)

For grids with Earth electrodes

⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎟
Lr
L + ⎜ 1.55 + 1.22 ⎜ ⎟⎟× L
Lm = C ⎜ ⎜ ⎛⎜ L 2 + L 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟ ⎟⎟ R
⎜ ⎜ y ⎠ ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎝ ⎝ x ⎠

= 500 + 1.55 + 1.22 3 x 61

542 + 232

Earthmat Design Cal.xls Sheet 7 of 8 Doc.No:7601PC031/DOC-05,R1

Project: 110/11kV Substation at Uttur AREVA T & D India Ltd

Lm = 598 m

3.5.6 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Ls for Step Voltage):

Ls = 0.75Lc + 0.85LR for grids with or without ground rods

= (0.75 x500) + ( 0.85 x 61)

Ls = 426 m

Attainable Mesh voltage Em is given by

ρ× K × K ×l
m i G
Em = L
m

= ( 30 x 0.61 x1.65 x 8.3) / 598

Em = 423 V

Attainable Step voltage Es is given by

ρ×K ×K ×l
s i G
Es = L
s

= ( 30 x 0.365 x 1.65 x 8.3)/426

Es = 352 V
4.0 CONCLUSION:
a) Em vs Et50
The Calculated Mesh Voltage of 423 V is lower than the tolerable Touch Voltage 676 V.
b) Es vs Es50
The Calculated Step Voltage of 352 V is lower than the tolerable Step Voltage 2210 V.
c) Grid Resistance Rg
The Calculated Grid Resistance of 0.421 Ohms is less than 1 Ohm
Hence the design is safe.

Earthmat Design Cal.xls Sheet 8 of 8 Doc.No:7601PC031/DOC-05,R1