Title : Earthing calculation

REFERENCE : 1. As per IS 3043 - 2018

: 2. Soil resistivity report

Note: As per the soil resistivity report, Average Soil resistivity of 16.14 ohm-m considered for sizing.(Kindly refer soil resistivity report attached in annexure)

CALCULATION OF EARTH GRID SIZING:

Ix t
Area of cross - section required S=
K
As per IS 3043

S = Cross Sectional Area in Sq. mm

I = Fault Current in Amps
t = Operating time of disconnecting device
K = Factor dependent upon the material

For Steel, K = 80 (As per IS 3043)

I =1.2 kA at 1 Sec

S = (1200*sqrt(1)/80) = 15.00 Sq.mm

30 % Corrosion allowance considered as per IS 3043

Considering corrosion allowance the required size = 19.50

= 19.50

Conductor selected = 25X3 mm GS

Area of 25 X 3 mm G.S Flat = 75 sqmm. As the area of selected conductor is greater than required area of cross section including corrosion allowance.
Hence selected conductor 25 X 3 Flat is suitable for the application.

INPUT DATA

1 Soil resistivity SR = 16.14 Ω-m

2 Type of conductor used = GS Flat.
3 Size of electrode = 17.2mm (dia) x 3 m long maintenance free electrode
Minimum Grid length shall be considered 150 Mtr while designing
3 Length of Grid l = 15000 cm
earthing layout.
4 Size of conductor T = 2.5 cm
5 Length of Electrode L = 3m
6 Dia of Electrode d = 0.0172 m
7 Dia of Bore with Carbon based fill D = 0.15 m
8 Resistivity of carbon based filling ρc = 0.0172 Ω-m As per Manufacturer Datasheet

9 No. of Electrodes n = 2 DC Earthpits

CALCULATIONS
1 (SR- ρc) (8 x L) ρc * (8 x L)
A Resistance of one Electrode (For Rr = ----------- x x (Loge ------- -1) + (Loge ---------) -1)
maintenance free earth pits) 2 x phi x L d d
= 5.34 ohms (As per IS 3043)

Net resistance of Electrodes Re = Rr/n

= 2.67 ohms

100 x SR 4xl
B Resistance of Earth grid Rs = ------------ x LOGn ----------- (As per IS 3043)
2 x Phi x l T
= 0.17 ohms

Re x Rs
C Net Resistance R1 = -------------
Re + Rs
= 0.16 ohms

D Solar Array Yard Earth Resistance R2 = 0.032 ohms

R1 x R2
E Net Resistance Rnet = -------------
R1 + R2

= 0.027 ohms

RESULT

Since the Equivalent Resistance (RE) is less than 1 ohm, DC earthing is SAFE.

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Title : AC Earthing calculation

REFERENCE : 1. As per IS 3043 - 2018

: 2. Soil resistivity report

Note: As per the soil resistivity report, Average Soil resistivity of 16.14 ohm-m considered for sizing.(Kindly refer soil resistivity report attached in annexure)

CALCULATION OF EARTH GRID SIZING:

Ix t
Area of cross - section required S=
K
As per IS 3043

S = Cross Sectional Area in Sq. mm

I = Fault Current in Amps
t = Operating time of disconnecting device
K = Factor dependent upon the material

For Steel, K = 80 (As per IS 3043)

I =50 kA at 1 Sec

S = (50000*sqrt(1)/80) = 625.00 Sq.mm

30 % Corrosion allowance considered as per IS 3043

Considering corrosion allowance the required size = 812.50

= 812.50

Conductor selected = 75X12 mm GS

Area of 75 X 12 mm G.S Flat = 900 sqmm. As the area of selected conductor is greater than required area of cross section including corrosion allowance.
Hence selected conductor 75 X 12 Flat is suitable for the application.

INPUT DATA

1 Soil resistivity SR = 16.14 Ω-m

2 Type of conductor used = GS Flat.
3 Size of electrode = 17.2mm (dia) x 3 m long maintenance free electrode
Minimum Grid length shall be considered 50 Mtr while designing
3 Length of Grid l = 5000 cm
earthing layout.
4 Size of conductor T = 2.5 cm
5 Length of Electrode L = 3m
6 Dia of Electrode d = 0.0172 m
7 Dia of Bore with Carbon based fill D = 0.15 m
8 Resistivity of carbon based filling ρc = 0.0172 Ω-m As per Manufacturer Datasheet

9 No. of Electrodes n = 4 DC Earthpits

CALCULATIONS
1 (SR- ρc) (8 x L) ρc * (8 x L)
A Resistance of one Electrode (For Rr = ----------- x x (Loge ------- -1) + (Loge ---------) -1)
maintenance free earth pits) 2 x phi x L d d
= 5.34 ohms (As per IS 3043)

Net resistance of Electrodes Re = Rr/n

= 1.34 ohms

100 x SR 4xl
B Resistance of Earth grid Rs = ------------ x LOGn ----------- (As per IS 3043)
2 x Phi x l T
= 0.46 ohms

Re x Rs
C Net Resistance R1 = -------------
Re + Rs
= 0.34 ohms

D Solar Array Yard Earth Resistance R2 = 0.032 ohms

R1 x R2
E Net Resistance Rnet = -------------
R1 + R2

= 0.029 ohms

RESULT

Since the Equivalent Resistance (RE) is less than 1 ohm, AC earthing is SAFE.
 Annexure-A Annexure-B
Earth Resistivity Value from Geo Tech Report N-S Earth Resistivity Value from Geo Tech Report E-W

ERT No. Earth Resistivity in Ohm-m ERT No. Earth Resistivity in Ohm-m

ERT.01 14.7 ERT.01 15.91

ERT.02 12.64 ERT.02 11.59

ERT.03 18.66 ERT.03 20.16

ERT.04 20.16 ERT.04 22.48

ERT.05 14.41 ERT.05 14.02

ERT.06 13.86 ERT.06 15.05

Average ERT Value in Ohm-m 15.74 Average ERT Value in Ohm-m 16.54

Average ERT Value in Ohm-m 16.14