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Table
1 MS ROD -- MAIN MAT + AREA EARTHING + HEAVY EQUIPMENT
2 GI/GS FLATE -- MAIN MAT + AREA EARTHING + HEAVY AND MEDIUM EQU
3 COPPER FLATE-- MAIN MAT + AREA EARTHING + HEAVY AND MEDIUM EQU
4 COPPER ROD -- MAIN MAT + AREA EARTHING
5 AL WIRE -- MEDIUM EQUIPMENT + ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
6 GI WIRE -- HEAVY AND MEDIUM EQUIPMENT
7 COPPER WIRE -- MEDIUM EQUIPMENT + ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
LIGHTINING ARRESTER
CABLE TRAY
ms or earth mat in
quipment in
ng conductors required
thing design is
d touch potentials.
grounding". There are
+ HEAVY EQUIPMENT
+ HEAVY AND MEDIUM EQUIPMENT
+ HEAVY AND MEDIUM EQUIPMENT + ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
RONICS EQUIPMENT
ISO LATOR
DTRONICS DEVICE
Experience of Step & touch Potential :-
h Potential :-
Table of Contents
1 Soil resistivity ρ Ω −m
2 Surface Gravel layer (crushed rock resistivity) ρs Ω −m
3 Symmetrical fault current in substation If A
4 Total area enclosed by ground grid A m2
5 Surface layer de-rating factor Cs
6 Diameter of grid conductor d m
16 Maximum grid current that flows between ground grid and surrounding IG A
21 Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors Kii
8 Number of Rods Nr = 24
Ω−m
Ω−m
grid corners
m
5 Conductor Sizing Calculation
Input Data : Properties of MS is as per item 10
of table 1 of IEEE Std 80-2000
(vi) AmbientTempeature, Ta = 40 0
C
Conductor Size:
As per equation 37 of IEEE Std 80-2000, conductor size is given as
2.8352072
3.3685406
7 Tolerable Touch & Step Voltage Calculation
E touch (Tolerable) =
E step (Tolerable) =
Cs = 0.7753846
`
8 Attainable Touch & Step Voltage Calculation
ρ = 160 ohm-m
Lc = 300 m
Lp = 100 m
Lr = 48 m
A = 625 sqm
h = 0.6 m
d = 19.54410048 m
D = 5m
Emesh (calculated) =
n = na * nb * nc * nd
= 6
= 0.121784655
= 1.264911064
W = width of flat
= 0.6
(In the absence of full details regarding exact system configuration
of which the substation form a part, at the design stage it will be
fairly accurate to adopt a value of 0.6 for Sf to determine the fault
current that flows through the grid to remote earth)
If = rms value of symmetrical ground fault current in Amperes
= 25000 A
Estep(calculated) =
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 * n
Ks =
= 0.3819760388
Estep(calculated) = 3953.97 V
pression
9 Safety Check
For the safe earthing system design, Attainable Step & Touch Voltages should be less than
the Tolerable Step & Touch values respectively.
Attainable Tolerable
The maximum attainable touch voltage as well as step voltage is less than the Tolerable
limit. Hence the grid design is correct & safe.
Table 1 - Material Constants
IEEE Std 80 - 2000
Copper, annealed
1 100.0 0.00393 234 1083 1.72 3.42
soft-drawn
Copper,
2 commercial hard- 97.0 0.00381 242 1084 1.78 3.42
drawn
Copper-clad steel
3 40.0 0.00378 245 1084 4.40 3.85
wire
Copper-clad steel
4 30.0 0.00378 245 1084 5.86 3.85
wire
Copper-clad steel
5 20.0 0.00378 245 1084 8.62 3.85
rod
Aluminum, EC
6 61.0 0.00403 228 657 2.86 2.56
grade
Aluminum, 5005
7 53.5 0.00353 263 652 3.22 2.60
alloy
Aluminum, 6201
8 52.5 0.00347 268 654 3.28 2.60
alloy
Aluminum-clad
9 20.3 0.00360 258 657 8.48 3.58
steel wire
Stainless-clad
11 9.8 0.00160 605 1400 17.50 4.44
steel rod
Zinc-coated steel
12 8.6 0.00320 293 419 20.10 3.93
rod
Stainless steel,
13 2.4 0.00130 749 1400 72.00 4.03
304
Table 2 - Material Constants
1083 7.00
1084 7.06
250 11.78
1084 10.45
1084 12.06
1084 14.64
657 12.12
652 12.41
654 12.47
657 17.20
1510 15.95
1400 14.72
419 28.96
1400 30.05