The Saigon CTT

BASIC
NETWORKING
Networking Terminologies

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

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- A COMPANY THAT PROVIDES

INTERNET CONNECTION TO
BE ABLE TO CONNECT
PEOPLE TO THE INTERNET.
•BROADBAND - REFERS TO THE
WIDE BANDWIDTH CHARACTERISTICS
OF A TRANSMISSION MEDIUM AND ITS
ABILITY TO TRANSPORT MULTIPLE
SIGNALS AND TRAFFIC TYPES
SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE MEDIUM CAN
BE COAX, OPTICAL FIBER, TWISTED
PAIR OR WIRELESS.
•DSL (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE) - IS A
FAMILY OF TECHNOLOGIES THAT
PROVIDE DIGITAL DATA
TRANSMISSION OVER THE WIRES OF A
LOCAL TELEPHONE NETWORK.
Networking Terminologies

PROTOCOL
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• A SET OF RULES WHICH

SAYS HOW DEVICES ON A
NETWORK EXCHANGE
DIFFERENT KINDS OF
INFORMATION.
Networking Terminologies
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol
• TCP – IS A PROTOCOL THAT
ENABLES A COMPUTER TO SEND
DATA TO A REMOTE COMPUTER. ONE
OF THE CORE PROTOCOLS OF
THE INTERNET PROTOCOL SUITE.
• IP - IS THE UNDERLINE PROTOCOL
FOR ALL THE OTHER PROTOCOLS IN
THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE. IP
DEFINES THE MEANS TO IDENTIFY
AND REACH A TARGET COMPUTER
ON THE NETWORK.
 •ADVANTAGES:

ALLOWING SIMULTANEOUS
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ACCESS TO CRITICAL PROGRAMS

AND DATA
 •ADVANTAGES:

ALLOWING PEOPLE TO SHARE

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PERIPHERAL DEVICES.
 •ADVANTAGES:

MAKING THE BACK-UP

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PROCESS EASIER.
Network = Net + Work
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• What is flowing ?
• What are the different forms flow?
• What rules govern the flow ?
• Where does the flow occur ?
Data Network
WHAT IS FLOWING?
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–DATA
Data Network
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS
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FLOW ?
–TEXT
–GRAPHIC
–AUDIO
–VIDEO
Data Network
• WHAT RULES GOVERN The FLOW?
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–STANDARD, PROTOCOL …
Data Network

• WHERE DOES THE FLOW OCCUR ?

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–WIRE, CABLE, ATMOSPHERE ...

Evolution of Networking (1)
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Individual Computers
Evolution of Networking (2)
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• DUPLICATE EQUIPMENT AND RESOURCES

• DIFFICULT TO COMMUNICATE
• DIFFICULT TO PROVIDE MANAGEMENT
Types of Networking
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LAN: Local Area Network

LAN = LOCAL AREA NETWORK
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• CONNECT PHYSICALLY ADJACENT

DEVICES
• OPERATE WITHIN A LIMITED
GEOGRAPHIC AREA
• CONTROL THE NETWORK PRIVATELY
MAN = METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
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•NETWORK THAT SPANS A LARGE

CITY.
 MAN = Metropolitan Area Network
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WAN = WIDE AREA NETWORK
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A NETWORK OF
GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT
COMPUTERS AND TERMINALS.
IT CONSISTS OF MANY LANs.
 WAN = WIDE AREA NETWORK
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LAN Media: Coaxial Cable
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• 10Base2
• 10Base5
• 10BASE2 (thinnet) - IS A VARIANT OF
ETHERNET THAT USES THIN COAXIAL
CABLE (RG-58A/U OR
SIMILAR.TERMINATED WITH BNC
CONNECTORS. DOMINANT IN MID TO LATE
1980S 10 MBIT/S ETHERNET STANDARD.
DUE TO DEMAND OF HIGH SPEED
NETWORKING THEY BECAME OBSOLETE.
MAXIMUM TRANSFER RATE =10 MEGABITS
PER SECOND
CONTIGUOUS CABLE SEGMENT LENGTH OF
100 METERS AND A MAXIMUM OF 2
SEGMENTS
• 10BASE5 – (thicknet) MAXIMUM
TRANSFER RATE OF 10 MEGABITS
PER SECOND, WITH 5 CONTINUOUS
SEGMENTS NOT EXCEEDING 100
METERS PER SEGMENT.
LAN Media: UTP & STP
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• 10BaseT
• 100BaseTX
• 10BaseT - IS THE ETHERNET WIRING
STANDARD FOR 10 MBPS
(MEGABITS PER SECOND). MAXIMUM
DISTANCE OF APPROXIMATELY 100
METERS PER SEGMENT OVER
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLES
TERMINATED WITH RJ
45 CONNECTORS.
• 100Base-TX - (TWO PAIRS OF DATA
GRADE TWISTED-PAIR WIRE) THE
PREDOMINANT FORM OF FAST
ETHERNET. 100BASETX RUNS OVER
TWO PAIRS OF WIRES IN CATEGORY
5 CABLE.
LAN Media: Fiber Optic
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• 100BaseFX
• 1000BaseLX
• 100BaseFX - A 100 MBPS
ETHERNET STANDARD THAT
USES OPTICAL FIBERS TO
EXTEND THE DISTANCE UP TO
1.2 MILES COMPARED TO THE
100 METER LIMITATION OF
100BASE-T COPPER WIRES.
• 1000BaseLX - A TYPE OF STANDARD
FOR IMPLEMENTING GIGABIT
ETHERNET NETWORKS. LX STANDS
FOR LONG, THIS VERSION OF GIGABIT
ETHERNET IS INTENDED FOR USE
WITH LONG-WAVELENGTH
TRANSMISSIONS OVER LONG CABLE
RUNS OF FIBER-OPTIC CABLING.
SPECIFIED TO WORK OVER A
DISTANCE OF UP TO 5 KM.
LAN Equipment: Repeater
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REGENERATES AND REPEATS THE

SIGNAL.
•33
REPEATER

• IS A DEVICE THAT RECEIVES A

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DIGITAL SIGNAL THRU A

TRANSMISSION MEDIUM AND
REGENERATES THE SIGNAL ALONG
THE NEXT LEG OF THE MEDIUM.

• ITS FUNCTION IS TO REMOVE THE

UNWANTED NOISE IN AN INCOMING
SIGNAL.
LAN Equipment: HUB
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MULTIPORT REPEATER
•35
HUB
• A COMMON CONNECTION POINT
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FOR DEVICES IN A NETWORK .

• HUBS ARE COMMONLY USED TO
CONNECT SEGMENTS OF A LAN.
• WHEN A PACKET ARRIVES AT
ONE PORT, IT IS COPIED TO THE
OTHER PORTS SO THAT ALL
SEGMENTS OF THE LAN CAN SEE
ALL PACKETS.
LAN Equipment: Bridge
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FILTER TRAFFIC BASED ON MAC

ADDRESSES.
•37
 • NETWORK BRIDGE - IS A
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NETWORK DEVICE THAT

CONNECTS MULTIPLE
NETWORK SEGMENTS.
LAN Equipment: Switch
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Multiport Bridge
•39
 • SWITCH - IS A SMALL
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HARDWARE DEVICE THAT

JOINS MULTIPLE COMPUTERS
TOGETHER WITHIN
ONE LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(LAN).
LAN Equipment: Router
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Path determination
Packet switching
•41
Router
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•A PHYSICAL DEVICE THAT

JOIN MULTIPLE WIRED OR
WIRELESS NETWORKS
TOGETHER

•42
WAN Equipment: Modem
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MODEM = MOdulate and DEModulate

•43
 •MODEM - IS A DEVICE
THAT MODULATES AN ANALOG CARRIER
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SIGNAL TO ENCODE DIGITAL

INFORMATION AND DEMODULATES THE
SIGNAL TO DECODE THE TRANSMITTED
INFORMATION. THE GOAL IS TO
PRODUCE A SIGNAL THAT CAN BE
TRANSMITTED EASILY AND DECODED TO
REPRODUCE THE ORIGINAL DIGITAL
DATA.

•44
WAN Equipment: Router
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LAN AND WAN CONNECTIVITY

•45
Digital Bandwidth
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• HOW MUCH INFORMATION CAN FLOW

FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER IN A
GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME.
Analogy for Bandwidth: Pipe
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