Activity/Activity Coefficients

𝑎𝐶𝑐 𝑎𝐷
𝑑
([𝐶]𝛾𝐶 )𝑐 ([𝐷]𝛾𝐷 )𝑑
𝐾= 𝑎 𝑏=
𝑎𝐴 𝑎𝐵 ([𝐴]𝛾𝐴 )𝑎 ([𝐵]𝛾𝐵 )𝑏

Extended Debye-Hückel Eqn:

Test you knowledge
What is the concentration of [Pb2+] and [IO3-] in a 0.020 M
Mg(NO3)2 solution at equilibrium?

Pb(IO3)2 (s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2IO3—(aq) Ksp=2.5 x 10—13

Test your knowledge

What are the pH

and [H+]
concentrations in
pure water and
0.10 NaCl?
Acid/Base Equilibria
Definitions:
Monoprotic
general: HA + H2O ⇌ A-- + H3O+
B + H2O ⇌ BH+ + OH—

e.g. CH3COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3COO-- + H3O+

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH—

Polyprotic
general: H2A ⇌ HA-- + H+ ⇌ A2- + H+

e.g. H3PO4 ⇌ H2PO4- + H+ ⇌ HPO42- + H+⇌ PO43- + H+

Accounting for All Species in Solution:
Mass Balance & Charge Relationships
H3PO4 ⇌ H2PO4- + H+ ⇌ HPO42- + H+⇌ PO43- + H+
POGIL – pH of Strong Acids and
Bases
Q 1 – 20

10 min

10 min