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Basic Radiation Safety Training Awareness
Basic Radiation Safety Training Awareness
Awareness Training
Radiation Safety Program
713-500-5840
Environmental Health and Safety
Outline
History of Radiation
Natural & Man-Made Background Sources of
Radiation
Fundamentals
Exposure Limits & Regulations
Detection of Radiation
Safe Practices with Radiation
Biological Effects of Radiation
Where to Find Further Information
First Known Human Use of
Uranium
79 A D
Roman artisans
produce yellow
colored glass in
mosaic mural near
Naples, Italy
Radium Effects Confirmed
1925
Suspicions develop
around watch dial
painters’ jaw lesions
Dentists diagnose lesions
as jaw necrosis due to
radium deposits in jaw
bone
Doctor notes bone
changes and anemia in
dial painters
What is Radiation?
Cosmic Rays
Solar Radiation Nuclear X-Rays
Medicine
Radon
Consumer
Products
Each
Other
Radioactive
Waste
Nuclear
Food & Power
Terrestrial
Radiation Drink
Terrestrial Radiation
Terrestrial radiation comes from radioactivity emitting from
Primordial radio nuclides - these are radio nuclides left over
from when the earth was created.
Other 1%
Internal 11%
Man-Made 18% Consumer
Nuclear Products 3%
Cosmic 8% Terrestrial 6% Medicine 4%
How?
Time
Distance
Shielding
Why?
Minimize Dose
Time
Plexiglas
Lead
Radiation Postings
Radiation use will be labeled on door, work area & storage area
Research laboratories work with very low levels of radioactive materials
Safety can check for potential contamination prior to work in a lab that
uses radioactive materials
Exposure
Absorbed Dose
Dose Equivalent
Radioactivity
Main Difference -
Charge
Multiplication
Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC)
More Radiation Misconceptions
Total dose
Dose rate
Radiation quality
Stage of development at the time of
exposure
Whole Body Effects
Acute or Nonstochastic
Occur when the radiation dose is large enough to
cause extensive biological damage to cells so that
large numbers of cells die off.
Evident hours to a few months after exposure (Early).
Late or Stochastic (Delayed)
Exhibit themselves over years after acute exposure.
Genetic
Somatic
Teratogenic
Most and Least Radiosensitive Cells
Low Sensitivity Mature red blood cells
Muscle cells
Ganglion cells
Mature connective tissues
Skin Reddening
Gastrointestinal Syndrome
Eye Regulatory Limit (15 rem/yr) Whole Body Regulatory Limit (5 rem/yr)
Internal Decontamination
Treatment which enhances excretion
of radionuclides
How Often Does This Happen?
Results of reported exposure-related incidents in Texas
1956 – 2000
Source: Emery, et. al.
Only 2% at the
>100 rem
5-10 rem
2%
Level that Clinical
8% Effects From
25-100 rem
3% Radiation Can be
10-25 rem Seen
5%
(n=3,148)
<5 rem
82%
Where to Find More Radiation
Safety Information….
Basic Radiation Safety Training (6-hr) Required
for All Individuals Working with Radiation
July 11 & 12th – 9 a.m. to Noon (both days)
Call at 713-500-5840
Website www.uth.tmc.edu/safety
Radiation Safety Manual
Important Safety Information Posted in Every
Laboratory (Yellow)