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報告版 Exploring the Integrated Curriculum- a Critical Analysis of the Ontario Ministry of Education's Language Curriculum Do
報告版 Exploring the Integrated Curriculum- a Critical Analysis of the Ontario Ministry of Education's Language Curriculum Do
探索統整課程:
安大略省教育部語言課程文件的批判分析
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
*In Ontario, educators are required to infuse character education, financial literacy,
critical literacy and environmental awareness into mandated subject-based
curriculum K to 12.
*A multidisciplinary curriculum features a similar theme or a common capability in
different subject areas, but each subject is still distinct and separate.
作為一個有效教導21世紀能力方式的統整課程
3. What is Curriculum Integration?
(3)
2-1 case
(1) Katherine Sorel: interdisciplinary
(social studies & science)
A. explore the common themes of people and planet
B. exposed to real world connections
draw personal meaning
C. interests to learn increase
*Shaundra Boyd: connections retain information
(2) Arsland and Saka: biology & language
increase English language skills for L2 learners
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
2-1 case
(3) Anna Chronaki: teaching mathematics through art
A. concept of symmetry & Roman tile mosaics
B. Ss more engaged in critical thinking
(4) Okhee Lee: multidisciplinary
(writing & science)
A. creating miniature wind and rain machines
B. writing about these process in a formal and
structure manner
C. increase in writing and comprehension scores
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
2-1 case
(5) Asheveille and Buncombe: interdisciplinary
mathematics through dance
planets of the solar system through modern dance
*Edward Fiske: pairing of mathematics and languages
with various arts increase Ss’ success
as well as the academic and personal
efforts
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(1) Beane: learning
endless array of facts and skills that are unconnected,
fragmented and disjointed
V.S.
interaction with the environment & what we
experience becomes integrated into our system of
meaning
student-centered, integrated approach to learning
is necessary to internalize info, creating meaning,
and demonstrate retention
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(2) Case & Myers:
conceptual understanding is the foundation for
learning
Ss are likely to forget information if it is not linked to
a larger concept
less is more: less facts, to allow for the retention of
more concepts
(3) Wineburg:
emphasizing the facts at the expense of teaching the
concepts impairs understanding and even retention of
facts
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(4) Alfred North Whitehead
inert K: ideas that are merely received into the mind
without being utilized or tested
(5) David Perkins:
K that retrieve to answer the quiz question, but that
does not not contribute to their endeavors and insights
in real complex situations
(6) Howard Gardner as cited in Antonelli:
Coverage is the enemy of understanding
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(7) John Dewey (as cited in Hare):
stop turning pupils into cyclopedias of useless info
(8) Shirley Engle:
ground-covering fetish: Ss use rote memorization to
absorb as many as facts as possible
(9) Walter Parker: to solve above problems:
perceive learning as “the progressive construction of
understanding” rather than the warehousing of facts
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(10) Case & Wineburg:
Ss learn and retain info more when they can apply it to
their own contextual frame of reference
by personalizing info, Ss recognize why it is
significant and become more likely to apply it
within other contextual settings
rather than executing many curriculum
expectations but not provide a methodology
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
3. Knowledge retention
(11) Case: through integrated curriculum
A. all lessons promote comprehension, connections,
and justification promote understanding in Ss
B. Demonstrate the interrelations of the individual
disciplines Ss become more likely to retain and
apply their knowledge
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
4. criticism:
(1) feel isolated from co-workers (Hood & MacMillan)
(2) higher burnouts compared to those who did not
employ (Simms)
(3) the way in which integrated curriculum programs are
implemented (Russell and Burton)
ex: many educators incorporate environmental studies
and outdoor education
questions arose about the quantity and quality of
learning that could take place outdoors
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
4. criticism:
(4) a distrust because the priority of the teacher still
remained to produce high test scores to receive funding
(Dawson)
(5) James Beane discuss three major criticism of integrated
curriculum
A. the purpose of the individual subject teacher
B. can every curriculum expectation is taught?
C. integrated curriculum will destroy the integrity of the
individual disciplines of knowledge
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
4. criticism:
(5) James Beane discuss three major criticism of integrated
curriculum
A. knowledge is called forth when it is relevant
rather than when it is convenient
the need for subject teachers entirely dissolves
B. Ss are overloaded with info and are being fed trivia
transdisciplinary approach to teaching, eliminates the
extra, ‘stuff”, and allows the significant info to
come through.
C. individual disciplines fails to respect he whole-to-parts,
synergistic framework
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
5. Susan Drake:
benefits:
A. an increase in critical thinking skills
B. a decrease in Ss’ behavior issues
C. more engaged as the information was relevant to
them, thus positively impacting retention
D. improved collaboration
E. better differentiated their lessons
第二章: 統整課程的歷史-文獻探討
8. Similarities:
(1) promise Ss’ engagement
(2) the retention of knowledge
(3) the development of the whole person.