STID 6034 E-GOVERNMENT &

MANAGING ICT IN PUBLIC SECTOR

ICT Development in Government Levels

L10
WAN ROZAINI SHEIK OSMAN, PhD
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
06010 UUM SINTOK, MALAYSIA
 Outline
1. ICT Development in Government Levels
i. Central Government
ii. State Government
iii. Local Authorities
2. Corporate and Private Sectors
3. Building E-government ecosystems between
levels
4. Review of Objectives of Course, Course
Learning Outcomes and Synopsis.
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1.0 Various Government Agencies
in Malaysia
• Federal
• State
• Municipal

Many government agencies are linked by various systems that

are mandatory like the financial systems, and have to adhere to
the Federal government policy in ICT and implementation.

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1.2 Typology of E-government with Various
Stakeholders

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(Fang, 2002)
2.0 ICT Relationships with Corporate and Private Sectors

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2.1 ICT deployment Architecture

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 3.0 Building e-government
ecosystems between stakeholders
Definitions of Ecosystems
• A natural life ecosystem is defined as a biological community of
interacting organisms plus their physical environment.
• In the same way, a business ecosystem is "the network of buyers,
suppliers and makers of related products or services” plus the socio-
economic environment, including the institutional and regulatory

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framework.
• A digital ecosystem is a self-organising digital infrastructure aimed at
creating a digital environment for networked organisations that
supports the cooperation, the knowledge sharing, the development of
open and adaptive technologies and evolutionary business models.
• The e-government ecosystems approach is referred to the concepts to
the digital world, reproducing the desirable mechanisms of natural
ecosystems. As several interacting natural ecosystems exist, several 7
digital ecosystems exists due to differentiation and the development of
applications and services tailored to specific local needs.
 3.1 How to build e-government ecosystems
between stakeholders?
A three-pronged plan:
1. Define the whole and the sum of the parts
• Who are the constituents (stakeholders and players at federal, state,
local level)?
• How do they interact?

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2. People and assets required from each constituent
• Who is creating the assets/ products/ services?
• What are the assets/ products/ services?
• Who is doing the selling/ disseminating?
3. Money and content
• How does the money flow through the ecosystem?
• What kind of content needs to flow through the ecosystem and what
channels will the content require? 8
 3.3 Digital Ecosystems

The digital ecosystems address in parallel the issues of "ICT

adoption" and "ICT development and service provision",
supporting:
1. ICT users
By activating the continuous creation and evolution of a multiplicity of
affordable ICT-based services, digital ecosystems make available a diversity of
services adapted to local needs, and lowering the barriers of ICT adoption for

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SMEs. This should allow SMEs to leverage the possibility of new distribution
channels providing niche services at local ecosystems and extending their market
reach through the DBE. In addition, easy access and large availability of
applications adapted to local SMEs, will foster ICT adoption and local economical
growth of innovation nodes.
2. Software and ICT-based services providers
By providing co-operative software development mechanisms for enterprises
which are too small to offer their services and/or to produce a complete complex
solution, digital ecosystems contribute preserving the strategic European software 9
industry, and avoiding the loss of knowledge and human capital that would accrue
from the dominance of few large players in a monopolists or oligopoly situations.
http://www.digital-ecosystems.org/
3.4 Ecosystem for SMEs

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http://www.digital-ecosystems.org/
 question
• Define a plan on how to develop an ecosystem for e
government applications or systems

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 Objective(s) of Course

• Students are expected to

• demonstrate a critical awareness of current problems and
advances in e-government.
• integrate the disparate areas and the technologies involved in the
design and development of e-government applications.

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• describe the economic, political and social implications of
implementing e-government.
• review and analyze the issues and policies pertaining to e-
democracy and digital divide.
• discuss implications of ICT on management and the public.

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 Course Learning Outcomes

• Upon completion of the course, students are able to

• choose the concepts of national and international government
policies (C3, A3, P4).
• construct the concepts of e-government applications and
managing ICT (C3, A3, P3).

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• apply technologies and frameworks pertinent to e-government
development and implementation (C3, A3, P3).
• analyze issues, challenges and security aspects in relation to e-
government development and implementation (C4, A4, P4).

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 Synopsis
• This module seeks to introduce students to topics
pertinent to e-government development and
implementation, and other initiatives mediated by the
Internet.

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• The technologies, frameworks, policies, evaluation
methods and best practices are addressed too, along
with any implications that arise.
• Issues related to managing ICT in the public sector are
also included.

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 Feedback
Please write feedback in the learning portal of our class on
the following:

• What new things have you learned from this course?

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• What knowledge learnt can you apply in your work or
life?
• What suggestion to improve the course?

Thank you for your attention

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