Objectives:

Define organic compounds

Recognize common kinds of
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes and
their uses.
Identify the types of bonds formed
in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Relate the structures of alkanes,
alkenes, and alkynes to their
 Activity 3:
The Hydrocarbons

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
 How do atoms of non-metal elements
form their compounds?
Answer: By bonding through sharing of
electrons with other elements or with
same elements.
What types of bonds do non-metals
form in compounds?
Answers: single bond, double bond and
triple bond
 Hydrocarbons
Are a specific group
of organic
compounds which
contain carbon and
hydrogen only
• CARBON can form four (4) bonds because it has
4 valence electrons.
• In the case of hydrocarbons, HYDROGEN can
form chemical bonds at each available
locations of the carbon.
• This is because Hydrogen has 1valence electron.
It can easily form a single covalent bond with
any unbonded electrons of the carbon.
3 Basic Groups of
Hydrocarbon Compounds

Alkanes – are
hydrocarbons that have
single bonds between
carbon atoms H H

H C C H

H H
Alkenes – are
hydrocarbons that have
double bonds between
carbon atoms H H

C C

H H
Alkynes – are
hydrocarbons that
have triple bonds
between carbon
atoms HC CH
 Definition of terms

Structural formula
is a formula for a molecular compound that
indicates the atoms present and the
bonding sequence of the atoms. The
covalent bonds between atoms are
conveyed as lines connecting the symbols
of the bonded atoms. This formula gives a
clear illustration about the structure of a
compound.
 Definition of terms

Condensed Formula
is a formula for a molecular
compound that indicates the bonding
sequence without showing all the
bonds. It should be clear that the
carbon atoms are bonded together in
sequence, and each carbon is
bonded to the hydrogen atoms next
to the formula.
 Definition of terms

Boiling point
is the temperature at which
a liquid evaporates or
becomes vapor.
 Guide questions:
Q1. What are the types
of bonds present in the
following: alkanes,
alkenes, and alkynes?
Q2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what
pattern do you observe in terms
of the phase, number of carbon
atoms, structure and boiling
point of the alkanes, alkenes,
and alkynes?
Explain the patterns you observe.
Q3. What do you think will be
the boiling point of the next
alkane, alkene, and alkyne?
Will the boiling point of each
hydrocarbon be higher or
lower? Explain your answer.
Q4. Why do you think some
hydrocarbons are gases
and others are liquids?
Q5. Why do you think there
are many hydrocarbon
compounds?
Q6. What hydrocarbon
compounds are gases and
liquids? What are the uses
of gaseous hydrocarbon
compounds and liquid
hydrocarbon compounds?