ENERGY USE IN

BUILDINGS
 OUTLINE:

Cooling Loads
Domestic Hot Water
System
Lighting
Cooling Loads
• Reduce the
Cooling Loads.
• Consider Passive
Techniques to
meet some of the
loads.
• Consider Efficient
Mechanical
Systems to meet
 Reducing the Cooling
Load
Identify the possible sources
of HEAT:
1.) Climate
2.) Building Size and Shape
3.) Activities carried out in the
Building
 Reducing the Cooling
Load
Example: Energy Audit at College of
Engineering Lib 1
 Reducing the Cooling
Load
Options to Reduce the Cooling Load:
1.) Orientating a building to minimize the wall
area facing east or west.
2.) Clustering buildings to provide some degree
of self shading.
3.) Using of high reflective building materials.
4.) Increasing of Insulation
5.) Utilizing thermal mass
6.) Using vegetation to directly shade the building
 Reducing Cooling Loads
• Building Orientation
- refers to the way a building is
situated on a site and the positioning
of windows, rooflines, and other
features. • orienting a
building to
minimize the
wall area
facing east or
 Reducing Cooling Loads

Location: BGC, Taguig

Clustering buildings to provide some
degree of self-shading
Reducing Cooling Loads

Using of highly reflective

building materials
Increasing of
Insulation
Polysterene Insulation
Reducing Cooling Loads

Utilizing Thermal Mass

Using of vegetation
To directly shade the building
II. Passive Low Energy
Cooling
 Passive Low Energy
Cooling
- A purely passive cooling
technique requires no
mechanical energy input at all.
Natural Ventilation
 Natural Ventilation

The process of
supplying air
to and
removing air Types:
from an indoor 1.) Wind Induced Ventil
2.) Solar Induced Ventil
space without
Wind Induced
Ventilation

A.) SINGLE SIDED

VENTILATION
B.) CROSS
VENTILATION
 I. Solar
Chimney

Solar Induced
Ventilation
II. Double Skin Facade

Solar Induced
Ventilation
 Evaporative Cooling
Direct
WaterEvaporative Cooling
evaporates directly
Indirect air is cooled sensibly
into the air stream, thus
reducing the air
temperature while
humidifying the air.
Primary Evaporative
Cooling
with a heat exchanger, while
the secondary air carries
away the heat energy from
the primary air as generated
vapour.
Example Application of
Evaporative Cooling
 Underground Air
Pipe Cooling
An earth cooling tube, also
known as an earth tube, is a
long, underground metal or
plastic pipe through which air
is drawn. As air travels
through the pipe it gives up
some of its heat to the soil,
and enters the house as
cooler air
Panasonic Multimedia
Center
in which the central atrium serves to induce a displacement
ventilation airflow through the offices.
 Airconditioners
•regulates the temperature of a room
an convert air to hot or cold, depending on its se
•It's also designed to dehumidify an area.
 Chillers
is a machine that removes heat from a
liquid via a vapor-
compression or absorption refrigeration
 Air
conditioner
Air conditioners allow for a precise regulation of

air temperature and humidity level in more

Chillers
Chiller driven refrigerant has applications in

equipment and other manufacturing processes, such as MRI

cooling

s
confined spaces. Air conditioners are used in

homes, small buildings and some offices and the

machines, assembly processes and tooling equipment. Air

cooled chillers are used commercially and in industrial

facilities to cool fluids and dehumidify air in larger venues,

units vary in size and practical application.
such as factory floors, arenas and larger facilities like hotels.
Principle of Aircon and Chillers
Domestic Hot Water
System
The term domestic
hot water (DHW)
refers to hot water
used for
consumptive
purposes, such as
 Reducing hot
water use
(1)Low flow Shower Heads & sinks
(2)More efficient washing machines
(3)More efficient dishwasher
Water Heating
Domestic water
heating accounts
for approximately
15% to 35% of the
total commercial
building fuel usage.
 Tank Type
Water Heaters
These heaters rely on a
heated storage tank
anywhere from about 5- to
150-gal in size along with a
heating element (either gas
or electric service) to
provide domestic hot water
to the building as required.
Type Water These water heaters
rely on a much larger
Heaters burner/heating element
(either gas or electric
service) to deliver a
constant volume of
water at a specified
temperature rise.
 TANKLESS
WATER HEATERS
In Europe it is common
to heat water at the point
of use, only as needed.
This avoids standby
energy losses
Boilers
Recovery of heat from warm
wastewater
In the gravity falling-film
method, surface tension and
gravity cause falling films of
water to spread and cling to the
inner wall of a vertical
drainpipe. This reduces the fall
velocity and enables a high rate
of heat transfer. The cold
incoming water passes through
a coil that is tightly wrapped
around the vertical drainpipe
and is warmed as it flows.
Lighting
Types of Lights
Incandescent Light Bulbs
The incandescent light
bulb or lamp is a
source of electric light
that works by
incandescence, which
is the emission of light
caused by heating the
filament.
 Halogen
is a type of incandescent
lamp which uses a
halogen gas in order to
increase both light output
and rated life.
 Compact Fluorescent
Lamps
The compact
fluorescent light bulb
or lamp is a type of
fluorescent lamp
generally designed as
a replacement for
incandescent bulbs
and halogen bulbs.
 Linear Fluorescent

The linear
fluorescent light
bulb.
 LED
utilize light-
emitting diodes
in order to
produce light.
 High
Intensity
Discharge
Lamps
are a family of gas-discharge
arc lamps which create light
by sending an electrical
discharge between two
electrodes and through a
plasma, or ionized gas.
Germicidal
is designed to use a
combination of special
phosphors and a quartz
glass envelope for the
process of eliminating
germs and/or the
creation of ozone
Increase Light’s
Efficiency in
Buildings
Daylight in
Buildings

skylights and
stepped roof
structure
(examples are
illustrated
schematically in
Figure 4.52);
1. Switch to
compact
fluorescent light
bulbs. Replace 2. For even greater
standard light bulbs savings, use LED
with more efficient bulbs, which can
compact fluorescent save an additional 5
versions for an percent of energy
energy savings of and last 25 times
up to 75 percent. longer.
3.) Use motion sensors in places
where lights are necessary but
are not used continuously.
4.) Make use of the natural
daylight that comes into your
building. South-facing windows
allow the most light into your
home without making it too hot
or too cold.
5. Practice energy-efficient lighting habits.