BROAD CAST STANDARDS

By
A.SARANYA
M.SARANYA
K.SATHISH KUMAR
S.SIVAMANI
 INTRODUCTION
• In general, to broadcast is to cast or throw
forth something in all directions at the
same time. A radio or television broadcast
is a program that is transmitted over
airwaves for public reception by anyone
with a receiver tuned to the right signal.
 BROADCAST STANDARDS
• There are four Broadcast standards:

1) NTSC: National Television Standard

Committee
2) PAL : Phase Alternate Line
3) SECAM : Sequential Color And Memory
4) HDTV : High Definition Television
• The above mentioned standards cannot
be used interchangeably.

• Standards define the way in which the

information is encoded to produce
electronic signals.
• Multiformat VCRs can play back all three
standards but cannot dub from one
standard to another

• Dubbing between standards requires high-

end, specialized equipment.
 NTSC
• This standard was set forth in 1952 and
many countries use this for broadcasting.
• It defines a method for encoding
information in to electronic signals
• 525 horizontal scal lines drawn on to
inside face of a phosphor coated picture
tube every 1/30th sec by fast moving
electron beam
• Eyes percieves the image as stable
• Electron beam makes two passes
1) laying down all the odd-numbered
lines
2) all even numbered lines
• It happens at a rate of 60 per sec
• Each pass paints a field
• Building a single frame from two different
fields is called INTERLACING
• Computer monitors use progressive scan
• We also define NTSC as
“Never The Same Color”
 PAL
• This system is used in U.N, Europe Australlia,
South Africa
• It is a method of adding color to Black and White
tv signal
• It paints 625 lines at a frame rate of 25 frames
per sec
• Like NTSC, even and odd lines are interlaced
• Each field takes 1/50th of a sec to draw
 SECAM
• It is used in France, Russia
• It is a 625 line, 50 hz system
• Differs from NTSC and PAL color system
in its basic technology and broad cast
method
• TV sets sold in Europe utilize dual
components and handle both PAL and
SECAM systems
 HDTV
• There are six video formats in ATSC
1) 1080-line by 1920 pixel formats at all
picture rates(24,30,60)
2) 720 line by 1280 pixel(24,30,60)
• All these formats have 16:9 aspect ratio
• It allows viewing of Cinemascope and
panavision movies
• Broad cast industry has an ultra-high
resolution, 1920*1080 interlaced format
• The computer industry would like to have
a 1280*720 progressive scan system for
HDTV
• 1920*1080 provides more pixels.
• Refresh rates are different
• Higher resolution interlaced format
delivers only half the picture every 1/60 of
a sec
• There is a great deal of flicker at 30hz
• Picture quality of 1280*720 is superior and
steady
• Both formats are included in Advanced
Television Systems Committee
• There is no easy way to stretch or shrink existing
graphics material to fit this aspect ratio
• New multimedia and interface principles need to
be developed for HDTV presentation.
THANK YOU