Macroskopic Examination of Human

Spematozoa Through Nutrition of Blood

Shellfish (Anadara granosa L.)

Dr. Eddyman W. Ferial

Prof. Ahmad Ahyar
 INTRODUCTION

The definition of infertility according to WHO is not the

occurrence of pregnancy in couples who have had sex
without using contraception regularly at least 1-2 years

Infertility is a disorder in reproductive health. Infertility is

defined as the inability to produce conception after regular
relationships without using contraception after one year
(Rowe, et al., 2000).
In Tendean (2009), states there are several things that
Title
cause infertility, among others;
1. Decreased sperm motility as a consequence of
mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in insufficient energy
production (Folgero, et al. 1993).
2. Aksenom does not respond to the flagellation of
exogenous ATP (Yeung, et al. 1988).
3. Disfunction of non-genomic progressester receptors
(Tesarik and Mendoza, 1992).

Apart from some of the causes of infertility above, one of the

causes of decreased quality of spermatozoid in humans is
most likely due to a lack of minerals especially zinc (Zn) where
these micronutrients have important meaning in reproduction.
Research on shellfish has been carried out by
experts outside Indonesia and in Indonesia.
But study has not provided much information
about the potential of shellfish A. granosa L.,
especially those related to human sperm.
Shellfish nutrients

water soluble
vitamins: B & C

fat soluble
Cholesterol vitamins:
A, D, E ,K

Anadara
granosa L.

Mineral :
amino acid:
Zn, Ca, Se, Fe
85 – 95%
nutrition in
shellfish

testosterone
synthesis

Improve Quality of Spermatozoa

Makroskopic (on Semen) and
Microscopic (sperm anatomy)
Anadara granosa L.
In this research:

Cement Volume

pH
Macroscopic Examination

Smell/odor

color
Cement Quality according WHO (1999) standard:

 Volume :
2 ml or more per ejaculation.
 pH:
7,2 – 7,8
 Total number of sperm :
40 million sperm/ml ejaculate or more.
 Sperm motility
50% grade (A + B) atau 25% (grade A) dalam waktu 60 menit setelah ejakulasi
 Sperm morphology
30% or more normal spermatozoid
 Viability
75% or more viable spermatozoid
 White blood content
< 1 million/ml
Standardization of Examination of Human Cement
(WHO, 1999):

1. Abstinensia (3 - 7 days)
2. Distance (≥ 1 - 2 weeks)
3. Check ≤ 2 hours from the time of release
4. Cement shelter (big mouthed glass bottle
named)
 RESEARCH METHODE

Design of this research is true-experimental study by means

of a pre-test - post-test control group design that is to do one
measurement in advance (pre-test) before treatment
(treatment) and after that measurement again (post-test)
(Ahmad, 1986., Sastroasmoro, 2002., Sudigdo, 2002., Eko,
2003 & Tendean, 2007). This true-experimental study was
conducted through randomized controlled trial (RCT) which
is the gold standard for clinical trials (Ahmad, 1986.,
Sastroasmoro, 2002., Eko, 2003 and Tendean, 2007)
 P : Populasi

S : Sampel

R : Random

O1 : Kelompok kontrol kualitas sperma

O2 : Hasil kualitas sperma dari kelompok kontrol

O3 : Kelompok perlakuan 1 x 1 kapsul/hari

(perlakuan I)
O1 K  O2
O4 : Hasil kualitas sperma dari kelompok perlakuan
PSR O3  P1 O4
I
O5 P2 O6
O5 : Kelompok perlakuan 2 x 1 kapsul/hari

(perlakuan II)

O6 : Hasil kualitas sperma dari kelompok perlakuan

II

K : Kontrol (Plasebo)

P1 : Perlakuan I diberikan gizi kerang darah

dengan dosis 1 x 1 kapsul/hari

P2 : Perlakuan II diberikan gizi kerang darah

dengan dosis 2 x 1 kapsul/hari

Quality Control of nutritional intake
of food
 Nutritional intake of catering food 3 x a day
and 2 x snacks according to the AKG.
 Food was prepared by the catering
manager after being given guidance and
guidance on the concept of balanced
nutrition and menu management.
 Giving food is done by paying attention to
various factors
 Strict supervision of the schedule for
consuming blood clam capsules.
a b c
Fig. 1. Quality Control of nutritional intake of food

a. Control.
b. Treatment I.
c. Treatment II
Location And Research Time

The study took place in September 2009 -

March 2010. While the sampling was carried out
in patients indicated by infertility disorders aged
16-40 years. To produce good quality blood
clam products (meat), blood clams must be
caught in the wild or harvested from aquaculture
in a healthy environment.
 Location: Pannikiang Island, Tanete Rilau
District, Barru Regency
 Shellfish capsules: Product Development
Laboratory, Food, Nutrition and Health
Research Center, Unhas
 Sperm Test: Prodia Makassar Laboratory.
 Sperm photography: National Referral
Center (PRN).
Population and Sample Technique:
The population was a group of patients indicated as infertility disorders aged
16-40 years as many as 150 people.
The sample in this study consisted of:
1. 12 subjects of infertility patients by giving blood clams nutrition A.
granosa L. with a dose of 1 x 1 capsule 800 mg of shellfish / day, as a
treatment group I
2. 12 subjects of blood clam infertility patients A. granosa L. with a dose of
2 x 1 capsule 800 mg of clam meat / day as a treatment group II, and
3. 12 subjects of infertility patients with placebo with a dose of 1 x 1
capsule 800 mg of shellfish/day as a control group.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE

• History and • Sampling of • Ejaculate issued • Macroskopic

physical spermatozoa Analysis of
examination, spermatozoid
explanation of
informed consent
 Macroscopic Sperm Analysis

Volume

VALIDASI HASIL:
Bau, warna,
likuefaksi, &
viskositas
 RESULT
Quality of Spermatozoid before and after administration of clam capsules based on
macroscopic examination
DISCUSSION

From Table above it shows that the volume,

pH, viscosity and liquefaction of human cement
from the case group by giving blood clams A.
granosa L. nutrition dose 1 x 1 capsule / day.
give significant results, this is indicated by all
the p values ​for each of these qualities below
0.05.
DISCUSSION
Volume of cement.
Measured using glass which has a scale difference of 0.1
ml. A person is called aspermia if it does not remove the
semen during ejaculation, hypospermia if the cement
volume is less than 1 ml, and hyperspermia if the cement
volume is more than 6 ml. The average volume of
cement for Indonesian men whose wives later became
pregnant was 3.56 ± 1.35 ml (Amelar, 1977). From Table
above in the control group with placebo with a dose of 1
x 1 capsule / day there was no improvement in the
quality of cement while the treatment group with 1 x 1
capsule / day treatment group with a dose of 2 x 1
capsule / day improved cement quality.
DISCUSSION

Sperm Smell
On examination of sperm smell in the control
group and the treatment group, both of them
gave the same results, which both had a typical
sperm smell for the pre-test and post-test.
Wibisono (2010) said that spermatozoid has a
distinctive smell that is like the smell of acacia.
Other smells such as fishy and rot can be
suspected of leukocytes (infections) or other
causes (parasites).
DISCUSSION
Color
On macroscopic examination, the normal color of
the cement is grayish white / pearl white. The
results of cement observations were made that the
cement in the treatment group before and after
consuming the blood clam nutrition was normal,
which was grayish white. If the cement is clear, it
is usually interpreted as runny cement. When red
blood cells are obtained, the cement is brownish,
due to the presence of hemoglobin.
DISCUSSION
pH
pH must be checked within 1 hour after the cement is
removed. Normal values:> 7.2 (WHO 1992: 7.2 - 8.0)
(WHO 1987: 7.2 - 7.8). Higher pH than 8.0 is
suspected of infection while lower than 7.0 with
azoospermia, the possibility of disgension from the
vas deferens, seminal vesica, or epididymis. The
results of cement pH examination in Table above. The
control group also showed that the cement did not
improve, while the treatment group with 1 x 1 capsule /
day administration and the treatment group with a 2 x
1 capsule / day dose showed improvement in the
quality of cement.
 CONCLUSION

A.From the results of the macroscopic examination above, it

can be said that the consumption of placebo in the control
group did not improve the quality of spermatozoid while
the consumption of blood clams in the treatment group
with a dose of 1 x 1 capsule / day and 2 x 1 capsule / day
improved the quality of spermatozoid
Thank You