dr. Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan, M.

Biomed
PSPD FK Untan
2017
Adipose tissue (*)
Tarsus ()
A. Annulus senilis. Peripheral cornea contains annular deposit of lipid.

B. Kayser-Fleischer ring, Wilson disease. Brownish ring in peripheral cornea is

caused by copper deposition in Descemet membrane.
Fibrovascular tissue
Area of elastosis (*) with
basophilic degeneration of
the substantia propria
collagen
(1) Pterygium: Sebutkan Penyebabnya dan
faktor risikonya
 Squamous epithelium

Elastoid degeneration
Elastoid degeneration
 Squamous epithelium

Fibrovascular proliferation

Elastoid degeneration
Chronic
inflammatory
cells
Forms when plugging of
a duct from meibomian
glands leads to chronic
lipogranulomatous
inflammation
A mass of chronic inflammatory
cells.
Empty lipid vacuoles are
necessary for the diagnosis of
lipogranulomatous
inflammation.
(2) Chalazion: Sebutkan perbedaan
patofisiologinya dengan Hordeolum
(3) Keratitis: Sebutkan berbagai
penyebabnya!
An opacification (*) of
the crystalline lens
Artifactitious cleft separates dense
sclerotic nucleus from degenerated
cortex.

Nucleus shows intense

homogeneous staining and lacks
artifactitiously intercellular clefts
seen in cortex.
Morgagnian globules of
degenerated lens protein fill
cleft in lens cortex.
A. Liquefied cortex and morgagnian globules fill cleft in cortical cataract.
Morgagnian globules are spherules of degenerated lens protein that have
leaked from fragmented lens fibers.

B. Scanning electron micrograph of cortical cataract showing morgagian

globules in cleft.
A. Morgagnian cataract results when the lens cortex undergoes total liquefaction.
The densely sclerotic nucleus is resistant to liquefaction and sinks to the bottom of
the bag of liquefied cortex.
B. Degenerated lens cortex surrounds the intensely eosinophilic sclerotic nucleus.
Although most of the cortex has liquefied, a few curved disrupted lens fibers are
seen posteriorly.
(4) Katarak: Jelaskan Stadiumnya
Leukocoria, or “white
pupil” (*)
Retinoblastoma (*)
Retinoblastoma is one of
the “small blue cell
tumors” of childhood.

The characteristic
microscopic pattern is the
circular arrangement of
the small blue cells into
Flexner-Wintersteiner
“rosettes” ( )
(5) Protein Retinoblastoma: Jelaskan
fungsinya!
Cornea (), the
anterior chamber (*), the
posterior chamber (×),
the trabecular meshwork
(+), the canal of
Schlemm (<), the iris (^),
the ciliary body (),
and the sclera ().
(5) Jelaskan: aliran cairan bola mata
The peripheral stroma of the iris
is in close proximity to the
trabecular meshwork.

Patients with the narrow angle

configuration are at risk for
developing an acute attack of
angle closure glaucoma.
Pupil is secluded by 360-degree posterior synechiae. Peripheral
iris is bowed anteriorly forming broad secondary peripheral anterior
synechiae.
Cupping of the optic disc.
Glaucoma results from
increased intraocular
pressure with damage to the
ganglion cells and their
axons.

This leads to deepening (>)

of the optic cup with
excavation.
There is deepening of the
optic cup with excavation
(>).

The atrophy of the optic

nerve leads to progressive
loss of vision.
(7) Glaukoma: Jelaskan jenis-jenisnya
The location of the optic nerves ( )
extending to the optic chiasm ( )
is shown in this axial FLAIR MR image.

Because the optic nerve is

surrounded by meninges, it is affected
by changes in cerebrospinal
fluid pressure.
The normal funduscopic
appearance of the retina
is shown.
Note the arteries (brighter
red) emanating from the
central optic disc.

The larger caliber and

darker retinal veins extend
back to the optic disc.
These vessels are evenly
distributed.

The margins of the optic

disc are sharp and clear.
The margins (v) of the optic
disc are indistinct with
blurring because there is
swelling with elevation of
the optic nerve head.
Papilledema

This microscopic
section through the
head of the optic nerve
displays papilledema.

The bulging of the nerve

head above the level (<)
of the surrounding
retina, with forward
bowing of the lamina
cribrosa.
(8) Papil edema: sebutkan penyebab-
penyebabnya
STRATIFIED
COLUMNAR
EPITHELIM

EDEMATOUS STROMA

SEROMUCINOUS
GLANDS
• Schnederian papilloma
• Squamous cell papilloma , endophytic
growth
• Inverted papilloma
Surgical specimen of an inverted Schneiderian papilloma with a polypoid
appearance. The cerebriform surface shows numerous clefts due to
exuberant endophytic epithelial proliferation.
• Exophytic Type
• Endophytic Type
• Oncocytic Cell Type
Exophytic Schneiderian papilloma of nasal septum lined by markedly thickened
well-differentiated squamous epithelium.
An exophytic Schneiderian papilloma with koilocytic atypia, hyperkeratosis, and
parakeratosis.
Hyperplastic epithelium
( endophytic growth )
A and B, Inverted Schneiderian papillomas with nests of cells deep in the
stroma.
hyperkeratosis
Endophytic growth ( inverted)
hyperplastic epithelium
Malignant transformation of an inverted Schneiderian papilloma demonstrates an
increased cellularity and lack of maturation (A), while nuclear pleomorphism and
atypical mitotic figures are seen on high power (B).
A and B, Multilayered oncocytic epithelium arranged in a focal “tram-track”
architecture. Cilia are abundant at the surface of this complex papillary growth,
showing an “endophytic” growth.
A, A syncytium of neoplastic cells with very high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio.
Note the prominent nucleoli within vesicular nuclei.
B, The epithelial cells may be polygonal to spindled, usually associated
with inflammatory cells.
(9) Ca Nasofaring: Sebutkan tanda dan
gejalanya
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

CHRONIC
INFLAMMATORY
CELLS

Seromucinous
glands
Stratified columnar epithelium ,
squamous metaplasia

Chronic
inflammmatory
cells
Stratified columnar cells

Chronic
inflammmatory
cells
Edematous stroma
Seromucinous glands
A, A large fungating squamous cell carcinoma involving the floor of mouth,
tongue, and alveolar ridge.
B, Histologic findings of squamous cell carcinoma, keratinizing type, showing a
tumor with irregular nests of cells that have abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm.
The tumor invades the adjacent bone.
Islands of tumour cells
Inflammatory cells in the
stroma
 Mitotic figure

Tumour cell

Inflammatory cells
Chronic otitis media.

The tympanic membrane appears

thickened and bulges irregularly.
(10) Otitis Media: Sebutkan Jenis-jenisnya
Chronic otitis media of the
middle ear.

The connective stroma

contains newly formed
tubuloalveolar glands
(glandular metaplasia of the
middle ear).
Cholesteatoma.
The lesion is lined by keratinizing
squamous epithelium.

The adjacent middle ear stroma

shows chronic inflammation and
glandular metaplasia.
Cholesteatoma.

Squamous epithelium
extends downward into the
stroma.
(11) Kolesteatom: Sebutkan penyebab-
penyebabnya