1.

The circuit presented here counts from 00 to 99 and displays it on two seven segment displays.
It can work as free running counter in auto mode or it can count manually when button is pressed.

In auto mode it gets continuous pulses and counts continuously at a rate of 1 Hz. That means the
count is updated at every second or in other words counter displays time in seconds.
This counting rate can be changed by changing pulse frequency.

In manual mode, the count is incremented when push button is pressed manually. So it can be
used to count up to 100 (from 0 to 99) as per manual requirement.

As shown in Circuit Diagram figure, the major components of circuit are

● NE 555 TIMER

● Decade counter cum display driverCD4026

● Common cathode type 7 segmentdisplay.

● Resistors:

1k ohm(brown , black, red , gold )

33k ohm ( orange , orange , orange,gold )

10k ohm (potentiometer )

● Capacitor : 10 micro farad (Electrolytic)

● 2 pin terminal block

● Push to make switch

● Battery : 9v

● Jumper wire

● pcb board ( w: 2.7 inch h: 2.3 inch )

Now we see the component description in deibtail

IC555:

555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses.

It is an 8pin timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable.

In monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external resistor
and a capacitor

In astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a
capacitor.
555 is very commonly used for generating time delays and pulses.

PIN DESCRIPTION:

PIN FUNCTION :
In this circuit function of IC555

It is used to generate pulses. In auto mode it generates continuous pulses. In manual mode it
generates pulses when push button PB1 is pressed. IC555 connections are made in such away
that when SW1 is in auto position, it is configured in astable mode.

The timing components R1 C1 are adjusted such that IC555 generates pulses at a rate of 1 Hz.

The frequency can be varied using pot R1. Now SW1 position is changed to manual, IC555 will be
configured in monostable mode. Now IC555 gives high output pulse when push button is pressed.

IC CD74026 :

The IC CD4026 is an IC which can perform the function of both a counter as well a 7-segment
Driver.

One single IC can be used to count form zero (0) to nine (9) directly on a Common Cathode type 7-
segment display.
The count can be increased by simply giving a high clock pulse; also more than one digit (0-9) can
be created by cascading more than one CD4026 IC.

So if you have a 7-segment (CC) display on which you have to display numbers that are being
counted based on some condition then this IC will be a perfect choice.

PIN DESCRIPTION

1. Pin 1 or clock pin- It receives clock signals, and at every positive clock and counter advances
one by one. You can provide clock with the switch, 555 timer or with the help of logic gates. In
short high pulse on this input increments the counter.

2. Pin 2 or disable clock (clk inhibit) pin- 4026 counter advances one by one by receiving positive
pulse at this time for this clock inhibit pin should be grounded. If it is connected to supply than
counter advancement will be inhibited means there will be no meaning of clock pulse.

3.Pin 3 or enable display (En in) pin- It enable the 7 segment display to display the numeric value. It
should be kept high for enabling the display. Mean output goes high when only when display enable
is high.

4.Pin 4 or enable out- It Enables the carry out pin. In our circuit we have left this pin unconnected.
2.

5. Pin 5 or divide by 10 output- It is used to complete one cycle for every 10 clock input cycle and it
also used to cascade moreIC's.

6.Pin 6, pin7 and Pin9 to pin 13 - These are 7 decoded output from a to g used to illuminates the
corresponding segment of 7 segment display to display the digit from 0 to 9.

7. Pin 14 or not 2 output (UNGATED "C" SEGMENT) signals- They are not gated by the Display clock
and therefore are available continuously. This feature is a requirement in implementation of certain
divider function such a as divide by 60 and divide by 12.

8. Pin 15 or Reset pin- It is used to reset the counter. When it receives high it clears the counter and
counting again starts from zero. One important thing reset pin should again made low to start the
counter once again.

9. Pin 8 or ground pin and Pin 16 known or Vdd it should be connected to power supply.

function of the CD74026 In Circuit :

Decade counter chip CD4026. It increment it count by 1 on every pulse input. Also it converts the
count into equivalent 7-segment display code (common cathode)

so that count can be displayed. It counts from 0 to 9 and again resets to 0. When it goes from 9 to
0, it generates output pulse (carry out) that can be given to next decade counter chip.

So as shown in figure the carry out

(pin 5)

of 1st decade counter chip. The outputs of both decade counter chips (CD4026) are a, b, c, d, e, f,
and g that can be directly given to respective inputs to common cathode type 7 segment displays.
Seven Segment Display:

seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display digits from 0-9.

They find wide application in devices that display numeric information like digital clocks, radio,
microwave ovens, electronic meters etc.

The most common configuration has an array of eight LEDs arranged in a special pattern to display
these digits.

They are laid out as a squared-off figure ‘8’. Every LED is assigned a name from 'a' to 'h' and is
identified by its name. Seven LEDs 'a' to 'g' are used to display the numerals while eighth LED 'h' is
used to display the dot/decimal.
A seven segment is generally available in ten pin package. While eight pins correspond to the eight
LEDs, the remaining two pins (at middle) are common and internally shorted.

These segments come in two configurations, namely, Common cathode (CC) & Common anode

In CC configuration, the negative terminals of all LEDs are connected to the common pins.

The common is connected to ground and a particular LED glows when its corresponding pin is
given high.

In CA arrangement, the common pin is given a high logic and the LED pins are given low to display
a number.

Pin Diagram:

function of seven segment display in Circuit :

The outputs of chip CD4026 are connected to a-b-c-d-e-f-g inputs of both 7 segment displays as
shown. As the count increments it is displayed on these displays from 00 to 99 and again 00.
Because they are common cathode type displays, their common terminals are grounded.
Push button :

Push Button. A Push Button is a type of switch work on a simple mechanism called “Push-to-
make”. Initially, it remains in off state or normally open state but when it is pressed, it allows the
current to pass through it or we can say it makes the circuit when pressed.
Circuit Operation:

Free Running Counter

When switch SW1 is in auto position IC555 generates continuous pulses at 1 Hz. So counter is
incremented at every second.

Both displays show the count. The counting speed can be increased or decreased by varying pot
R1.

Normally pot R1 value is fixed to generate output of 1 Hz because it increments counter every
second.

So the counter can be used to display the time elapsed in seconds – maximum upto 100 second =
1 minute and 40 second.

So in this mode this circuit can be used as stop watch timer that can be used to keep track of
running events.
3.

Actual working of circuit:

When switch SW1 is in manual position, IC555 generates pulse when push button is pressed. So
the count is incremented when button is pressed manually.

So this is simple manual counter that counts from 0 to 99 (100 counts) as user presses a switch.
So in this mode the circuit can be used as token number display.

In Token number system is widely used in banks, restaurants and many such public places. One
can connect the output of any sensor (like LDR or photo diode etc) instead of push button to give
trigger input to IC555.

In that case the counter can count any external event or objects or RPM etc.

Applications of the circuit:

The circuit can be used inmany

applications like object counter, frequency counter, RPM counter, stop watch timer, token count
display and many others.

Pcb layout of circuit ( virtual ) :

software used:

•Circuit wizard

•Diptrace pcb layout