α1-antitrypsin Smoking

deficiency Biomass burning

(genetical) Occupational exposure

inflammation

Neutrophill elastase & oxidative stress, Mucus hypersecretion

matrix metalloproteinases Inflammatory mediator, Ciliary disfunction
cytokines

Destruction of alveolar Fibrosis and thickening Edema & smooth

walls & capillaries of the bronchiolar walls muscle contraction

Enlarged air Impaired gas Air Trapping Narrowing of small

spaces diffusion on expiration airways

Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis