NEUROLOGI

KLINIS DASAR
dr. Maria Belladonna,
Sp.S, MSi.Med

Bagian / SMF Neurologi

FK Undip / RSUP dr. Kariadi
Semarang
2013
Apa sih yang dipelajari di
Neurologi ?
Sistem saraf :
1. Sistem saraf pusat
- Otak
- Medulla spinalis

2. Sistem saraf tepi

- Nn. Cranialis (12 pasang)
- Nn. Spinalis (31 pasang : 8-12-5-5-1)
Modalitas dalam neurologi:

1. Sistem Motorik
2. Sistem Sensorik
3. Sistem Vegetatif / otonom
4. Fungsi luhur
SISTEM MOTORIK
 MOTOR NEURON
 a type of cell in the nervous system that directly or
indirectly controls the contraction / relaxation of muscles
 movement.
 Upper motor neurons (UMN) :
 motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the
cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor
information down to the final common pathway
 any motor neurons that are not directly responsible for
stimulating the target muscle.
SISTEM MOTORIK
 Lower motor neurons (LMN) :
 motor neurons connecting the brainstem and spinal
cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses
from the upper motor neurons out to the muscles.
 A lower motor neuron's axon terminates on an
effector (muscle).
 Lesi UMN : Klinis : Spastik  Tanda-tandanya :
1.
2.
3.
4.

 Lesi LMN : Klinis : Flaksid  Tanda-tandanya :

1.
2.
3.
4.
TRAKTUS PIRAMIDAL
PIRAMIDAL vs EKSTRAPIRAMIDAL
 Sistempiramidal
Spastisitas
 Clasp knife phenomen

 Sistem ekstrapiramidal
Rigiditas
 Cog wheel rigidity
 Lead pipe rigidity
Sistem sensorik/sensibilitas
 Eksteroseptif
 Interoseptif
 Proprioseptif
Sistem vegetatif / otonom
 Miksi
 Defekasi
 Berkeringat
 Simpatis
 Parasimpatis
Harus Bisa Melakukan :

 Anamnesis
 Pemeriksaan Fisik
 Diagnosis kerja/ diagnosis sementara /
Working Diagnosis
 Initial plan
DIAGNOSIS KLINIS
DIAGNOSIS TOPIS
DIAGNOSIS ETIOLOGIS
 V : Vaskuler
 I : Infeksi / inflamasi
 T : Trauma
 A : Autoimun
 M : Metabolik / Medication
 I : Idiopatik / Iatrogenik
 N : Neoplasma

C : Congenital
 +
 D : Degenerasi