Problem Based Learning

Nurul Amirah Badaruddin D20072029422

Nur Afiqah Muhammad D20091034872
Apandi
Krisnavimala Krishuan D20091034821
Syafiqah Shaari D20091034832
 Scenario
The day is little bit too hot to walk under the sun.
Every single living thing is trying to find shades to
hide from the intense sunlight. Even leaves are
shrinking in order to avoid excessive water
evaporation. The blue sky is so clear. No signs of
dark cloud bearing rain at all that might moisten the
dry land of the village. It seems that the dry season
this year would be much hotter than a decade ago.
Most of the villagers are farmers. They grow crops
such as oil palm, rubber trees and rice, few farmers
grow pineapples, and only one of them grows
bromeliads and cactuses in his plant nursery. So far,
the crops grow well until the dry season approaches.
With this terrible draught, they worry the crops may
not yield as usual.

FACTS
 Living things avoid
contact with direct
sunlight.
 The day is very hot.
 Leaves is shrinking
avoid evaporation.
 Sky is clear.
 No sign of rain.
 Dry sign of rain.
 Dry season this year
much hotter than decade
ago.
 Villagers are farmers.
 Only one of the farmers
grows bromeliads and
cactuses in plant
nursery.
 Crops grow well until
the dry season
approaches.
 They worry the crops
cannot produce yield as
usual.
FILA CHART
IDEAS
 Direct contact to sunlight
might cause skin cancer.
 
Direct sunlight causes
dehydration.
 High temperature from the
sunlight increases the rate of
evaporation.
 When the temperature is high,
the plant will wilt.
 The dark cloud causes raining
because it carries the water.
 Global warming and
greenhouse effect, makes this
year dry season hotter.
 Villagers are staying at rural
area.
 The lands are suitable for
agriculture.
 Only one farmer has a
precaution plan by growing
bromeliads and cactuses.
 As long as the plants get
enough water supplies, they
can grow well.
 When the plants cannot grow
well, it will effect the
production of yield.
LEARNING ISSUES
ACTION PLAN
 What are the effects of direct  Library search on
sunlight?
plant adaptation in
What is dehydration?
 What is evaporation? extreme conditions.
 What are the differences and  Refer to the related
the similarities between
dehydration and evaporation? reference books.
 What are the effects of  Surf internet.
dehydration?
 Ask lectures.
 What is the definition, factors
and effects of global warming  Discuss among the
and greenhouse effects? group members.
 Why do the dry season this
year much hotter than the
decade ago?
 What types of soils are suitable
for those crops?
 Why the farmers do grows
bromeliads and cactuses?
 What are the unique
characteristics of bromeliads
and cactuses?
 How the crops grow well until
the dry season approaches?
 Why during draught, the plant
cannot grow well?
 What is draught season?
 What is Dehydration?
• Dehydration (hypohydration) is defined
as an excessive loss of body fluid. It is
literally the removal of water from an
object, however in physiological terms,
it entails a deficiency of fluid within an
organism
What factors affect dehydration?

• Abiotic stresses
• The damage caused to the living cell
can be related to water deficit.
• Water status of a plant is unbalanced
due to an insufficiency of water.
• when salt water is introduced to a plant.
 Effect of dehydration
• wilting,
• yellowing or browning of leaves,
• stunted growth
 What is transpiration?
• similar to evaporation
• loss of water vapor from parts of plants
(similar to sweating), especially in leaves
but also in stems, flowers and roots.
• Transpiration also cools plants and
enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and
water from roots to shoots.
 How transpiration occurs?
• Leaf surfaces are dotted with openings
called, collectively, stomata
• The stoma are bordered by guard cells that
open and close the pore.
• Leaf transpiration occurs through stomata.
• Rate of transpiration is directly related to the
degree of stomatal opening, and to the
evaporative demand of the atmosphere
surrounding the leaf.
• Desert plants and conifers have specially
adapted structures, such as thick cuticles,
reduced leaf areas, sunken stomata and hairs
to reduce transpiration and conserve water.
• Many desert plants have a special type of
photosynthesis, termed crassulacean acid
metabolism or CAM photosynthesis in which
the stomata are closed during the day and
open at night when transpiration will be lower.
 What factors affect the rate of
transpiration?
• The amount of water lost by a plant
depends on its size, along with
surrounding light intensity, temperature,
humidity, and wind speed
• Soil water supply and soil temperature
can influence stomatal opening, and
thus transpiration rate.
Graph effect of wind