Ecosystem

CH-14
GR: 7
SESSION :2021-22
 Learning objectives:

 We will know the concept of an ecosystem and how it works.

 The global distribution of the major ecosystem/biomes.

 Adaptation qualities of tropical rain forest and hot desert.
 Causes and effects of deforestations.
 Methods of management of forest.
 Key Words

Ecosystem

Carnivores
Biome

Herbivores Key Words Food chain

Fauna Biomass

Flora
 Definition of important terms:
 Ecosystem: a natural system in which plants(flora)and animals
(fauna)interact with each other and to the non-living environment.
 Biome: an ecosystem such as tropical rain forest occurring at a global
scale.
 Food chain: the transfer of energy through an ecosystem from primary
producer to consumers and decomposers.
 Biomass: the total quality or weight of organism in a given area.
 Deforestation: the complete clearance of forested land
 Definition of important terms:
 Logging: is the activity of cutting down trees in order to sell the wood.
 Flora: is the naturally occurring plant life in a particular region
 Fauna:the animals of a particular region or time.
 Herbivores: an animal that feeds on plants.
 Carnivores:an animal that feeds on other animals.
Process of ecosystem

Any ecosystem depends on two basic process.

Energy flow
Recycling of nutrients
Energy flow:
 Eachecosystem is sustained
by the flow of energy
through it. The main source
of energy is sunlight.
 Activity
In the following diagram of tropical rain forest, write the role of green plants, agouti,
jaguar and fungi/bacteria
The Nutrient Cycle
Nutrients are continually circulated within the ecosystem.
Feedback questions
 Mention some key words with definition in the chat box.
 How many basis system does ecosystem depends on? What are they?
 Discuss the energy flow diagram with proper examples.
 What do you know about nutrient cycle?
 Characteristics of tropical rainforest

 Tropical rainforests grow in places that have equatorial climate. One

third of the worlds trees grow here.
 Vegetation grows in distinct layers. The lowest layer consists of
shrubs.
 Tree trunks are straight , lower parts are branchless.
 There is little undergrowth, as only 1% of the incoming sunlight
reaches the forest floor.
Characteristics of tropical rainforest

 During the wetter month, large areas of land near to the

main river are flooded.
 Leaves have drip-tips to shed the heavy rainfall.
 Fallen leaves soon decay in the hot ,wet climate.
 There are over 1000 different species of trees such as
mahogany, rosewood, greenheart etc.
 Ways of adaptation of plants in Hot
Deserts
 Plants like the cactus, have thick, waxy skins to reduce the loss of
moisture.
 Many plants like cactus ,thorn bush have thin ,spiky or glossy leaves
which also reduce transpiration.
 Most plant have long tap roots which enable them to reach deep down to
underground supplies of water.
 Seeds have the ability to lie dormant for several years and then go
germinate quickly after a heavy shower and to complete their life cycle
within two or three weeks.
 Many plant are capable of growing in saline depressions .
Savanna Grassland

Savanna: a grassy plain in tropical and

subtropical region with few trees. Savannas
have warm temperature year round.
There are two different seasons in a
savanna.
The dry season
The wet season
 The dry season

 The scattered deciduous trees lose

their leaves.
 Grasses turn yellow and dry up.
 Theground assumes a dusty,
reddish-brown colour.
 Some trees produce thin ,waxy and
thorn like leaves to keep
transpiration.
 The wet season

 After
the first rain the grass seeds
germinated and trees produce new leaves.
 Under the hot and wet condition the
grasses grow quickly and can reach a
height of 3-4 meters before flowering and
producing new seeds.
 Activity
Find out some key words of today’s discussion and write them in the stream/chat box with definitions

Key Words
Feedback questions

 Mention 3 characteristics of tropical rain forest.

 Mention 3 adaptation qualities of hot desert plants.
 What do you mean by Savana grass land?
 Mention 2 points what happened during dry and wet season in Savana?
 Activity
 In the chat box / stream write 2 Causes, Effects and Solutions of Deforestation.
You can take help from internet/text book.(5 minutes)
Causes, Effects and Solutions of
Deforestation

Cause Effect solution

over Global warming, Afforestation,
population Shortage of oxygen Reforestation

extensive Ecological imbalance Polyculture

farming

https://youtu.be/-01T9e6VDWU
 Methods of logging

(a) Selective cutting (b) Integrated cutting (c) Clearfelling (d) Strip cutting
Logging

Harvesting of selected single Several different species Total removal of all trees Variation of clear-felling, but often
and groups of trees harvested at the same time follows the contours of the land
 Advantages of Logging

Selective cutting Integrated cutting Clearfelling Strip cutting

• More environmentally • More economical than • Higher yields and • Clearing narrow strips
friendly. selective cutting, profits. avoids huge scars and
allows easier
regeneration.

• Reduces crowding, • Trees for different uses • Allows total • Constant income and
promotes growth of (furniture, logs) are afforestation ideally replacement
younger trees. harvested at the same with improved plants
time.
 Disadvantages of Logging
Selective cutting Integrated cutting Clearfelling Strip cutting

Expensive. Often poorer-quality trees Leaves ugly scars. Bare strips allow for soil
left erosion.

Removal of some trees by Quality may degenerate over Destroys ecosystem and Destroys sections of the
machines usually damages time habitats. Encourages soil ecosystem
others. erosion and silting of rivers
 Activity
Find out some key words of today’s discussion and write them in the stream/chat box with definitions

Key Words
Feedback questions

 What is logging?
 Mention 2 advantages and disadvantages of logging.
 What are the causes of deforestation in Bangladesh ? How can we solve this problem?
 How global warming is related with deforestation? Explain your own answer.