Schneider Cast Resin Transformer Seminar (IEM - 22 March 2017)

Schneider Electric Transformers
Events on Cast resin transformers

09.00AM Start
10:15AM Break
12.30AM Lunch
15H15AM Break
05.00PM End of the session
M Sacotte
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

8H30-8H45Section starts with overall agenda briefing
.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 2

Morning Agenda
9.15am Status of IEC for dry type transformers

10.00am Tea break (30 min)
10.00am Evolution of IEC forecasted between the 2004 version's and 2018 version's:
11.00am Energy efficiency
– 1. Trend in term of Energy Efficiency in European countries and what constitutes low loss and standard
losses
– 2. Importance to have the transformer to be fully type tested by independent lab and accreditation
• 12.00pm Lunch

Afternoon Agenda
• 1.30pm Technology of Dry type transformers

• 1. Application for transformer with class H/H or Class F/F
• 2. Differences between EN 50541-1 and IEC 60076-1
• 3 Special arrangement(Cooling transformer, Surge arrester, Rectifier, Installation conditions)
• 3.00pm Tea break (15 min)
• 3.15pm Schneider Electric Cast resin transformer’s

• 1.Advantages of Schneider Electric transformers
• 2.Future of cast resin transformers / Schneider Electric Transformers with Digitization
• 4.00pm Open discussions + Q&A section

• 5.30pm Section ends

Key Speaker : Michel Sacotte
• Vice President R&D Transformers Line of Business in Schneider Electric
• Edison Master Expert in Schneider Electric
• Since 42 Years in transformers activities
• 65Years Old
• Chairman of T&D Europe (Association of all manufacturer in European country)

• French ambassador for IEC and Cenelec
• Chairman of the workings group for IEC Standards & Cenelec
• IEC60076-11 Dry-type transformers *
• IEC60076-12 Loading guide for dry-type power transformers
• IEC60076-13 Self-protected liquid-filled transformers
• IEC60076-16 Transformers for wind turbine applications
• TS60076-20 Energy efficiency
• En50588 Energy efficiency regulation for EU
• IEC 1906 Award 2012

9H15-9H45Status of IEC for dry type transformers
5Slides & 2 documents to show

Status of IEC 60076-11
• Founded in 1906 IEC is representing 61(84) countries
• IEC provides a platform to companies, industries and governments for

meeting, discussing and developing the International Standards they
require.
• MALAYSIA Is full member of IEC

• Singapore, Philippines, Thailand ,Indonesia are full members
• Vietnam is associate member(limited right of vote and function)
• IEC request a maintenance of the standard each 10 years with a

decision during plenary meeting
Life cycle of an IEC Publication
• Working document (WD) and Committee draft document(CD) (Preparatory and Committee
stage)
• The development of a new publication has two possible starting points: either an existing publication is
updated (maintenance), or a new one is created from scratch
• Committee Draft Voted documents(CVD) (Enquiry stage)

• When a document reaches CDV stage, the IEC Editing and Document preparation team starts working on it.
• Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) documents (Approval stage)

• When the IEC receives a draft FDIS, it goes through an IEC entry control to ensure it meets our requirements,
before being formatted and edited.
• Maintenance / updating a publication

• For maintenance work on a publication, it is essential for the TC to start their work on the basis of
the publication files of the previous edition, not on intermediate versions in their possession.
Q&A
?
9H45-10H30Evolution of IEC forecasted between the 2004
version's and 2018 version's:

IEC Standard for Dry type transformers
• Stability date
• IEC 60076-11 2004 • Expected to be revised 2018/2019

• Dry type transformers
• IEC60076-12 2008 • Expected to be revised 2020

• Loading guide
• IEC60076-16 2011 • Expected to be revised 2018

• Transformers for wind turbine application

Status of IEC 60076-11
IEC60076-11 was written in 2004
• During 18-10-13 plenary meeting it was decided to launch the revision with my proposal to work on the
following item:
• Merge the main clauses of IEC60076-16 in the new standard
• Add some requirements on environmental aspects, seismic aspect…..
• National committee has nominated their expert for 2014

• 21 Experts coming from the main important manufacturers are in the working group
• The process of revision started in August 2014

• 5 Meetings were held in different locations
• The first CD was given for the national committee for remarks 14/871/CD
• The remarks were received End of 2016(30pages) (14 countries – 20 No remarks) 14/889/CC
• A meeting to analyze these remarks is forecasted on April 11 & 12 in Nice France

• Next step should be either again CD or CDV

Item Proposal for the revision of IEC 60076-11

Expert in the Working Group
Most of the manufacturers

with some utilities and
Organism are represented:
IEEE,UK GRID, Vestas

SGB
ABB
NTC Power
Siemens
Schneider Electric
Onyx Power
Tesar
Sunten
Dupont de Nemours

Comparison between IEC60076-11 & CD Draft 14/871/CD
Minor Medium Important Major

Modifications
Differences IEC 2004 & Project on going 2018
2004 2018
• SCOPE
• Scope • Scope
• High voltage up to and including 36kV • High voltage up to and including 72,5kV
• Normal service conditions • Normal service conditions

• WF transformers considered
• Wave-shape voltage become full text
• Load current harmonic content

– ? – IEC60378
– Considered in temperature rise test when over 5%
• Installation environment
• Frequency of energization limited at 24 a year

2004 2018
• Normal service Conditions
• Normal service conditions • Normal service conditions

• No drop of water • Protection from water and liquid
• Special electrical and environmental conditions around

the transformers
• Corrosion protection
• Generalities
• 5.2.2Transport acceleration <1g

2004 2018
• Enclosure
• General • General
• Enclosure following IEC60529 • 6.2.2Transformer IP00
– Rated power on the rating plate
• 6.2.3Transformer with enclosure (Clarified)

– Case tested and delivered on site
– Case delivered on site separately
– Derating is calculated by IEC62271-202
– Clearance inside IE660076-3
– Rating plate allocation of responsibilities

2004 2018
• Unusual conditions
• Provision for unusual conditions 6.5 Provision for unusual conditions

• Siesmic qualification
• Solar radiation
• Regular frequent short circuit

2004 2018
• Symbols, Thermal class, Altitude corrections
• Identification symbols • 6.11.2Identification symbols

– . – Adding W
• Nominal temperature rise limits • 11.1Nominal temperature rise limits

– . – Addition 250°Class
• 11.3 High altitude correction • 11.3 High altitude correction

– 2,5% and 5% per 500m – High altitude temperature correction by 100m(0,5%)
• Insulation Level • 12.Insulation level

• . • Addition of highest voltage for equipment up to 40,5 &
52 & 72,5kV

2004 2018
• Correction on Applied dielectric test with altitude
• High altitude • 12.2Transformers for use at high altitude

– Over sizing of the transformer for higher value of applied
voltage tests
– 1000m Nominal value
– 2100m 12%
– 3000m 25%
– 4200m 42%

• Climatic classes
• 13.1Climatic classes • 13.1Climatic classes

• Class C1 up to C2 • Class C1 up to C5
• From -5°C up to -25°C • From -25°C up to 60°C
• Class Cn for other value

2004 2018
• Environmental classes
• 13.2Environment classes • 13.2Environmental classes
• Limited to E2 • With regard to humidity, condensation, Pollution
• Classes E0 to E4
– E0 No condensation and low pollution
– E1 Occasional condensation and limited pollution
– E2 Frequent condensation and light pollution
– E3 Frequent condensation and medium pollution
– E4 Frequent condensation and heavy pollution
– Other severe condition can be discussed
• 13.2.2Dry type for outdoor application without enclosure

– Class E 1 to 3
Future standard
Procure a better way to choice

2004 2018
• Test criteria
• Test criteria • 13.2Test criteria

• Limited to 1000kVA 24kV
• Definition of the sequence of the tests
• New ● C2 ● E2 ● F1
2004 2018
• Seismic Classes
• Seismic Classes • 14 Seismic classes

• Method to evaluate the excitation spectrum
– Floor acceleration m/s2
– Horizontal Vertical Acceleration level
• SI 6 9 2
• SII 9 4,5 3
• SIII 15 7,5 5

2004 2018
• Measurement
• 17 Measurement of the no load losses • 15.2.3 Measurement of no load losses

• Clarification for the measurement
• The temperature of the losses is the average

temperature rise limits +20°C
• 21 Lightning impulse test • 15.3.1 Lightning impulse test
– Clarification of the test

2004 2018
• Climatic tests & Amorphous
• Test criteria • 15.4.4.

• Climatic test : values added
• Environmental test: Values added
• Definition of the sequence of the tests
• 15.4.8 Special test for amorphous

• Recommendations after short circuit
• 15.4.7Siesmic test
– Validity of the test

2004 2018
• Climatic tests & Amorphous
• Annex A. • Annex A.
• Installation and safety for Dry type • Installation and safety for Dry type
– Rules of the art revisited
• Installation design
– Rules of the art revisited
• Annex B
• Environmental test for outdoor transformer

Q&A
?
10H30-10H45Tea break (15 min)

10H45-12H30Energy efficiency
– 1. Trend in term of Energy Efficiency in European countries and what constitutes low loss and
standard losses
– 2. Importance to have the transformer to be fully type tested by independent lab & losses
verification by local 3rd party/independent lab as per IEC17025 standard (lab accredited by ilac-
MRA). e.g. HVTL, Malaysia

The reasons
1. Trend in term of Energy Efficiency in European
countries and what constitutes low loss and
standard losses
The Actors
The Method
The Choice
The next step

1. Trend in term of Energy Efficiency in
European countries and what constitutes low
loss and standard losses

European Union
commitments
EU implementing «20-20-20» program by Estimated energy savings of Ecodesign regulation
2020
• Reduction of 20 % of greenhouse gases
emission
• Reduction of 20% of energy consumption
• Reach 20% from renewable energy in total
production
Power Transformer losses represents about

2.5% of total EU energy consumption
By 2020, savings of approximately
16TWh/year
EcoDesign aims for 2 major objectives on TFX
• Reduce electrical losses (1 step in 2015/
revision in 2017 & 2nd step in 2021)
• Clarify and make more visible indication of
performance & mandatory CE marking
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 35
Main equipment concerned
> Power cable
> Overhead lines
> Transformers
– Dry-type
– Oil-cooled
> Motors
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Stage of life cycle
> Production
– Only material use
> Use phase

– Only electricity use, based on European grid mix
> End-of-life
– Credit for materials re-used

How to optimise the efficiency
> 90% of environmental impact of electrical equipment is caused by
electricity use
> The remaining part is mainly caused by the extraction, production and
transformation of materials
> Life-cycle assessment for equipment can be evaluated, based:

– Environmental profile of the raw materials
– Equipment lifetime, load, efficiency
– Environmental profile of electricity
LIFE COST EFFICIENCY HAS BEEN THE KEY FACTOR FOR THE CHOICE

Consequences for Business and Policy?
> For material producers:
– Optimize the performance of the components for use
– Optimize the end life of raw material (Not in eco regulation)
> For equipment manufacturers:
– Optimize the performance of the devices
– Provide tools allowed to determine high efficiency for the material
– Environmental declaration
> For energy users:
– Determine the profile of use
– Declaration of improved environmental performance
> For policy makers:
– Environmental impact of policy measures on efficiency

Energy efficiency Regulations actor’s
Regulatory bodies
T&D Utilities T&D Manufacturers
EU Directives IEC and CENELEC
Lobby
• T&D EUROPE is the European association of the electricity
transmission and distribution equipment and services
industry
• promote the common interests of our industry towards and in
cooperation with the EU institutions
• Who
• 11 national associations representing companies
• production worth over €25 billion
• employing over 200,000 people in Europe.
• What
• T&D Europe members provide the full range of grid
technologies
• including advanced, smart systems suitable for interaction with
renewable energies and ICT (Information & Communication
Technologies)
.
Where are we in the regulatory process?
Feb 2011 Preparatory study concluded by VITO
Nov 2011 Selection of contractor for IA study
Informal discussions with

stakeholders
April 2012
Ecodesign Consultation Forum
May to Sep Drafting of the Impact Assessment

2012
Before the end of Opinion of the Impact Assessment Board
2012
Q1 - 2013 Commission inter-service consultation
Spring 2013 WTO Consultation
June 2013 Vote in Regulatory Committee
September 2013 Submission to scrutiny period at EP and Council
November 2013 Adopt Ecodesign Regulation

Regulation story
•2007-11 Manufacturers and Users in Commission GO NO GO
•2007-2009Consultants chosen and Many Consultation forum
•2011-Final Report from Consultant 420Pages
•2011-2014 Many Stake Holder Meeting and Consultations WTO…
•2013-12 Positive vote from the European parliament
•2015 T&D Europe, Cenelec Standard, IEC
•2015 Become mandatory in July 1st
•2017 Study if the regulation is well applicable and assessment of 2021 Rules
Park involved in this Eco regulation for the evaluation
> Distribution and industry distribution (dry-type and oil immersed)
> Total installed 5 040 000
> Sales figures 2009 248 600
> Power transformers and phase transformers

> Total installed 65 500
> Sales figures 2009 1 310
Total losses of the transformers fleet in the EU27 in 2008 amounted to 93,4 TWh per year.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Figures provided by the sector association (T&D Europe, May 2009)
Hypothesis and Energy efficiency Saving
Average growth rate for New Sales has been assumed at 1,4% annually
Average product lifetime has been assumed at:

40 years for distribution transformers
30 years for power transformer
10 years for small industry
Average energy efficiency of distribution transformers (for EU25) is 98.38%
Average energy efficiency of power transformers is above 99%
The Improvement potential through more efficient design has been estimated in
about 16,2 TWh per year in 2025, which corresponds to 3,7 Mt of CO2 emissions.

The frame
Type of transformers Main information
• Large power transformers
Weight from 40 up to
400Tons
Up to 20x10x5 Meters
• EN 50629-2015
PEI Requirement
• Medium Power >3150kVA Weight from 5 up to 60 Tons

– Immersed transformers Up to 10x5x5Meters
– Dry type transformers PEI Requirement
• EN50588-2015
Medium Power <3150kVA Weight from 0,3 up to 10 Tons

– Immersed transformers Up to 4x2x2Meters
– Dry type transformers Losses requirement
EN50588-2015
Method
> Slitting transformers in categories
> Test different scenario

– Least life cycle cost (LLCC)
– Best Available Technology (BAT);
– Intermediate (2014 first stage MEPS) and 2019 second stage MEPS(Minimum
Energy Performance Standard)

The choice for Oil immersed
> The list of losses in Eu before the regulation

– Ak up to Dk
– Aà up to Do
The case considered
P0Pk BAU LLCC BAT Intermediate MEPS 2014 MEPS 2019
BC1 D0Ck A0-15%Ak A0-20%Ak-20% A0Ak A0-20%Ak-20%
BC2 E0Ck A0-15%Ak A0-20%Ak-20% A0Ak A0-20%Ak-20%
BC3 C0Bk A0-20%Ak-20% A0-20%Ak-20% A0Ak A0-20%Ak-20%
BC4 41-326 41-261 20-228 41-294 41-261
BC5 E0Ck A0-20%Ak-20% A0-20%Ak-20% A0Ak A0-20%Ak-20%
BC6 C0Bk A0-20%Ak-20% A0-20%Ak-20% A0Ak A0-20%Ak-20%
BC7 110-750 65-750 65-750 110-750 65-750
16,2 TWh
3,7 MT
CO2
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Energy Loss Scenarios Evolution 2005-2025 (TWh).
How the evaluation Base Case
BC1 DT
liquid
BC1 DT
liquid
BC2 ind
liquid
BC2 ind
liquid
BC5 DER
liquid
BC5
liquid
Tier1 Tier2 Tier1 Tier2 Tier1 Tier2
has been done transformer rating (Sr)

No load losses (P0)
kVA
W
400
430
400
387
1000
770
1000
693
2000
1450
2000
1305
no load class Ao Ao-10% Ao Ao-10% Ao Ao-10%
Load losses (Pk) W 4600 3250 10500 7600 18000 15000
load class Ck Ak Ck Ak Bk Ak
Auxiliary losses (Paux) W 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEI % 99,297% 99,439% 99,431% 99,541% 99,489% 99,558%
Load Factor (k) (=Pavg/S) ratio 0,15 0,15 0,3 0,3 0,25 0,25
Load form factor (Kf)(=Prms/Pavg) ratio 1,073 1,073 1,096 1,096 1,5 1,5
availability factor (AF) ratio 1 1 1 1 1 1
Power factor (PF) ratio 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9
Equivalent load factor (keq) ratio 0,18 0,18 0,37 0,37 0,42 0,42
load factor@PEI (kPEI) ratio 0,306 0,345 0,271 0,302 0,284 0,295
no load and aux. losses per year kWh/y 3766,8 3390,1 6745,2 6070,7 12702,0 11431,8
load losses per transformer per year kWh/y 1288,7 910,5 12276,4 8885,8 27375,0 22812,5
losses per year kWh/y 5055,5 4300,6 19021,6 14956,5 40077,0 34244,3
transformer life time y 40,00 40,00 25,00 25,00 25,00 25,00
interest rate % 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
inflation rate % 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
kWh price no load and aux. Losses € 0,0847 0,0847 0,1291 0,1291 0,15 0,15
kWh price load losses € 0,0847 0,0847 0,1291 0,1291 0,15 0,15
CAPEX - transformer € 7 824,09 8 977,51 13 567,31 17 277,30 27 126,40 31 736,75
losses per year kWh/y 5055,5 4300,6 19021,6 14956,5 40077,0 34244,3
discount rate % 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
electricity escalation rate % 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
PWF ratio 27,36 27,36 19,52 19,52 19,52 19,52
No load loss capitalization factor (A) €/W 20,30 20,30 22,08 22,08 25,65 25,65
. Load loss capitalization factor (B) €/W 0,65 0,65 2,95 2,95 4,45 4,45
TCO A/B ratio ratio 31,27 0,03 0,13 0,13 0,17 0,17
OPEX electricity €/y 428,20 364,26 2 455,69 1 930,88 6 011,55 5 136,65
LCC electricity € /life 11 713,69 9 964,60 47 943,60 37 697,47 117 366,23 100 285,07
LCC total (excl. scrap@EOL) € /life 19 537,78 18 942,11 61 510,91 54 974,77 144 492,63 132 021,82

Ecodesign impact MPT >3150kVA
No losses levels imposed but minimum PEI (Peak efficiency Index)
PEI corresponds to :
– The maximum efficiency of the transformer
– Ratio between the no load losses and losses
No Load/Load losses combination depends on manufacturer design specificities
– Several solutions possible for a single PEI value !
– No Tolerance on PEI Value
– Measured PEI values to be written on the name plate !
– Cooling device consumption taken into consideration
Po No load losses
Pco Losses of ventilation needed
for no load operation.
Pk Load losses
Sr Rated power
Large Power Transformer : High Voltage >36kV or Equipment Power of 40MVA and above regardless voltage levels
Ecodesign impact on MPTs and LPTs (above 3150kVA)
Oil immersed Type Dry Type

Rated Power Phase 1 Phase 2 Rated Power Phase 1 Phase 2
(kVA) (01/07/15) (01.07.21) (kVA) (01/07/15) (01.07.21)
Minimum PEI Minimum PEI
3150 < Sr ≤ 4000 99,465 99,532 3150 < Sr ≤ 4000 99,348 99,382
5 000 99,483 99,548 5 000 99,354 99,387
6 300 99,510 99,571 6 300 99,356 99,389
8 000 99,535 99,593 ≥ 8 000 99,357 99,390
10 000 99,560 99,615
12 500 99,588 99,640 Tier 1: start on 1.7.2015
Tier 2: start on 1.7.2021
16 000 99,615 99,663
99.800
20 000 99,639 99,684
99.750
25 000 99,657 99,700 99.700
31 500 99,671 99,712 99.650
PEI (%)
40 000 99,684 99,724 99.600
99.550 T1
99.500 Rated Power (MVA)
99.450
-30 20 70 120
EcoDesign : Impact on Material TR >3150 kVA
RATING ACTUAL LOSSES PEI LOSSES (40%load)

POWER IEC tolerances without tolerances
P0 PEI/P0 Pk PEI/Pk
P0 PK P0 PK
Actual Actual
5 4700 43000 5170 32312 10% -25%
6.3 5500 51000 6174 38587 12% -24%
8 6500 60000 7440 46500 14% -23%
10 8000 71000 8800 55000 10% -23%
12.5 10300 84000 10300 64375 0% -23%
16 12400 100000 12320 77000 -1% -23%
20 14300 118000 14440 90250 1% -24%
25 17000 138000 17150 107188 1% -22%
31.5 19500 164000 20727 129545 6% -21%
The comparison between transformers design with actual losses and PEI losses show :
• P0 : No load losses should increase a little bit (0 to 10%)
• Pk : Load Losses will decrease by 25 %
Ecodesign Standardisation on ODTs and CRTs
(MV/LV Transformers)
ODTs loss levels: today and future
A0 B0 C0 D0 E0
= suppressed
Ak
= Authorized up to 1000 kVA Bk
= Authorized
Ck
Dk
* Some exceptions for Pole mounted transformers
CRTs loss levels: today and future

A0 B0 C0
= suppressed
Ak
= Authorized up to 630 kVA Bk
= Authorized Ck
Transformer name plate:

- CE Marking & Declaration is mandatory
- Losses level & measured values, type/weight of materials
- Documentation
Confidential Property of Schneider Electricvia QR code (Ph 2)
Value of losses and no load losses
Rated Power A0 B0 C0 D0 Ak Bk Ck
> Oil immersed transformers kVA
50
W
90
W
110
W
125
W
145
W
750
W
875
W
1 100
100 145 180 210 260 1 250 1 475 1 750
160 210 260 300 375 1 700 2 000 2 350
250 300 360 425 530 2 350 2 750 3 250
315 360 440 520 630 2 800 3 250 3 900
400 430 520 610 750 3 250 3 850 4 600
500 510 610 720 880 3 900 4 600 5 500
630 600 730 860 1 030 4 600 5 400 6 500
630 560 680 800 940 4 800 5 600 6 750
800 650 800 930 1 150 6 000 7 000 8 400
1 000 770 940 1 100 1 400 7 600 9 000 10 500
1 250 950 1 150 1 350 1 750 9 500 11 000 13 500
1 600 1 200 1 450 1 700 2 200 12 000 14 000 17 000
2 000 1 450 1 800 2 100 2 700 15 000 18 000 21 000
2 500 1 750 2 150 2 500 3 200 18 500 22 000 26 500
3150 2200 23 000 27 500
> Cast resin transformers Rated power Ao Bo Co Ak Bk

kVA W W W W W
100 280 340 460 1 800 2 050
160 400 480 650 2 600 2 900
250 520 650 880 3 400 3 800
400 750 940 1 200 4 500 5 500
630 1 100 1 250 1 650 7 100 7 600
800 1 300 1 500 2 000 8 000 9 400
1 000 1 550 1 800 2 300 9 000 11 000
= to be suppressed
1 250 1 800 2 100 2 800 11 000 13 000
with the regulation
1 600 2 200 2 400 3 100 13 000 16 000
= still exisiting 2 000 2 600 3 000 4 000 16 000 18 000
with the regulation 2 500 3 100 3 600 5 000 19 000 23 000
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 3 150 3 800 4 300 6 000 22 000 28 000
Evolution of the losses
>Cast resin transformers > Oil immersed transformers
CAST RESIN OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS
P0
Pk Tiers Rated Power Pk P0
Rated Power Pk Before Tiers 2/Tiers1 P0 Before 2/Tiers1 Pk Before Tiers 2/Tiers1 P0 Before Tiers 2/Tiers1
≤25 -18% -33% -52% -10%

≤50 -12% -10% 50 -37% -32% -65% -10%
100 0% -12% -39% -10% 100 -26% -29% -61% -10%
160 0% -10% -38% -10% 160 -28% -26% -60% -10%
250 0% -11% -41% -10% 250 -17% -28% -52% -10%
0% -38% 315 -15% -28% -52% -10%

400 -18% -10%
400 -16% -29% -51% -10%
630 0% -7% -33% -10% 500 -15% -29% -50% -10%
800 -15% 0% -35% -10% 630 -4% -29% -36% -10%
1000 -18% 0% -33% -10% 800 0% -29% -43% -10%
1250 -15% 0% -36% -10% 1000 0% -28% -45% -10%
-19% -29% 1250 -19% -14% -46% -10%

1600 0% -10%
1600 -18% -14% -45% -10%
2000 -11% 0% -35% -10% 2000 -14% -17% -46% -10%
2500 -17% 0% -38% -10% 2500 -17% -16% -45% -10%
3150 -21% 0% -37% -10% 3150 -16% -10%

Market Surveillance
Type of transformers Main information
• Large power transformers EN60076 Series requires to
measure the efficiency on all
transformers in laboratory whatever
the kind of transformers
• EN50588-2015
• Medium Power >3150kVA Measures are systematically done
in Supplier’s laboratories
– Immersed transformers
– Dry type transformers No standardization calculation
• EN50588-2015 methods today to evaluate the
efficiency of the transformers
Medium Power <3150kVA

For utilities counter measures are
– Immersed transformers done in accredited laboratory
– Dry type transformers
• EN50588-2015
Impact on the transformers business
• Increase the price, dimensions and sizes of the transformer
• Standardize the production by having only one level of losses instead several…
• Transient period difficult to manage
• Members state surveillance not ready in most of the countries
• Manufacturers is fully responsible for the application and penalties
• Uncertainties on some special transformers
• Magnetic steel antidumping and availability

Loss evaluation Loss year = (LL * Load 2 + NLL) * 8760
PV = Present value of losses
9,025
No €/kW
40 increas
years of e in 16,980
Interes life time price,
No CO2 2% €/kW
t rate,
tax increase
Price, 5% 40 years
in price
0.06 of life
€/kW Interest time
h rate,
EUR 3%
Price, Euro in nominal value
1200
0.06 Euro actualised value
€/kWh
1000
Cost of no-load loss (€), every year
800
600 Present value of cost of no-load
losses (€)
400
200
0
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 Years
Cost of losses
No load loss evaluation (€/kW)
Energy Interest Inflation rate / increase in energy price (%)
price rate (%) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0.06 3 13,200 14,300 15,600 17,000
€/kWh 4 11,200 12,100 13,100 14,200
5 9,700 10,400 11,100 12,000
European TCO methodology allows to rationalize the

CO2/Losses evaluation in all EU countries
Future Eu Revision
1. Single phase transformers
– Reach a efficiency level equivalent to 3 phases particularly
for UK and Ireland
2. Check the requirement for Tiers 2(Cost impact…Components)
– Date of implementation
– Amorphous case
– High level of magnetic steel
3. Exemption
– Double check with present time application
– CZ Republic case
4. Double voltage application
– Simplification and cover all cases
5. Pole mounted transformers
– Check if concessions are justified
Other countries Practices

Q&A
?
IEC17025 Accreditation
11H45AM
2. Routine test
Importance to have the transformer to be fully
type tested by independent lab & losses Type test
verification by local 3rd party/independent lab as
per IEC17025 standard (lab accredited by ilac-
MRA). e.g. HVTL, Malaysia Special test
Routines tests details(1)
Type test details(8)
Process of control

IEC17025Type/Special Tests
Accreditation How and who
Define how a laboratory shall be managed to • ILAC is in charge to manage this topic
make the test , the report,……..
National organism has in charge to agree

laboratory following this standard under ILAC FR COFRAC
Organization BE BELAC
GE DAKKS
MALAYSIA STANDARDS MALAYSIA
Schneider Electric VOLTA is COFRAC
In general only professional laboratory have

this accreditation

Testing – Routine, Type/Special Tests
Kind of test Philosophy of the test
• Routine test……………........... • This test must be done on individual units for

each transformers manufactured
• Manufacturer must have the capability to carry

out these tests
.
• INSURE TO HAVE RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT
…
TRANSFORMERS(DIELECTRIC AND
EFFICIENCY ASPECT)

Testing – Type/Special Tests
• Type test……………........... • This test should be done on a representative

transformers for each kind of type test
• This test is to prove that the manufacturer is

able to calculate forecasted value.
• TRANSFORMERS IS SAFE FOLLOWING THE

. CALCULATION FOR THERMAL ASPECT,
TRANSIENT ASPECT OR SHORT CIRCUIT
• …
ASPECT ON THE NETWORK

• Special test……………........... • These tests should be done for special

application, special environment, or installation
and by agreement between purchaser and
manufacturers
• This test is to prove transformers withstand

special conditions of environment or installation.
.
• TRANSFORMERS ARE RELIABLE FOR
• …
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS LIKE
ENVIRONEMENT, INSTALLATION….

Routine tests (performed on each unit) Interest to make this kind of test
• Induced voltage dielectric test • Is to verify if any defect between turns by

……………........... applying higher value than nominal (2 times)
• ……………………………………………………… • TRANSFORMERS IS SAFE FOR DIELECTRIC

…. ASPECT FOR RAW MATERIAL
• Applied voltage dielectric test • Is to very if all dielectric distances by applying

… higher voltage ~2,5
• TRANSFORMERS IS SAFE FOR DIELECTRIC

ASPECT FOR DISTANCES AND LIQUID
• Partial Discharge measurement (only for dry • Is to verify that the process is well mastered and
type) there no dangerous electric field
• ……………………………………………………… • TRANSFORMERS ARE NO BUBBLE OR

……………………………………………………… CRACK THAT WILL LEAD TO A FAILURE A
…………………. LONG TIME
• Measurement of the transformation ratio and • Is to verify that the ratio of voltage and vector
vector group group
• TRANSFORMERS WILL DELIVER THE GOOD

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric VOLTAGE AND CAN BE CONNECTED IN //
• Measurement of the resistance of the MV and • Is to verify the DC losses of the LV and HV
LV windings………………………………………. coils to be able to measure after the load
losses
• Is to verify if the raw material magnetic steel,

• Measurement of no-load losses and no-load
conductor and design is in line with the
current………………………………………………
expectation of the customers (Specification)
…..
• TRANSFORMERS HAS THE EFFICIENCY
• ……………………………………………………....
EXPECTED AND THEN THE TCO
.....
Type test (performed on representative transformers Type test (on request with extra-cost)
• Temperature-rise test ................. • Is to verify the temperature rise of the liquid and
the coil compatible with the insulation and liquid
used
• TRANSFORMERS WILL HAVE A LONG LIFE
AND NO OVERHEATING

Special test (For special case) Type and special tests (on request with extra-cost)
• Determination of sound levels • Is to check the compliance of the noise level
............................................................................ with the specification
• ……………………………………………………… • TRANSFORMERS CAN BE INSTALLED
……………………………………………………… CLOSE TO INHABITED AREA WITHOUT ANY
….. ISSUE.

Special test (For special case) Type and special tests (on request with extra-cost)
• Lightning impulse test ................. • Is to check the compliance to withstand the
transient over voltage and also to see if the
manufacturer is able to master this phenomena
• TRANSFORMERS CAN BE INSTALLED WITH
CONFIDENCE IN AREAS WITH FREQUENT
OVERVOLTAGE

Special test (For special case) Special tests (on request with extra-cost)
• Short-circuit test (External) • Is to check if the transformer is able to withstand
a outside short circuit on LV terminals
• to check if the manufacturer is able to
extrapolate to other range
• Transformer is slightly damaged with this test

Resiglas® Transformer
12 MVA – 13,8 kV / 4,16 kV CONFIDENCE IN AREAS WITH FREQUENT
Impedance 8%

SHORT CIRCUIT
• Environmental test (special test) • Is to check If the temperature is suitable for use
with a certain level of humidity, condensation,

• E0,E1,E2
pollution…
• INSURES TRANSFORMER RELIABILITY BY
CHOOSING ENVIRONMENTALLY
APPROPRIATE CLASS WITH INSTALLATION
CONDITIONS

• Climatic test (special test) • Is to check if the transformer is suitable for
operation and storage at very low temperature

• C1,C2,C3
without any damage
• TRANSFORMERS CAN BE INSTALLED AND
STORED AT LOW TEMPERATURE

• Fire behavior test (special test) • Is to check if transformers is suitable for fire
hazard
• F0,F1
CONFIDENCE IN AREAS WITH FIRE HAZARD

Climatic test C3* (*) C2 Thermal shock test carried outat-50°C)
IEC 60076-11 Standard
Climate
Lowest ambient temperatures:
C1 •Operation -5°C
•Storage / Transport -25°C

C2 •Operation -25°C
C3* •Operation -50°C

Environmental test E3
IEC 60076-11 & IEC 60076-16 Standards
Environment
Normal indoor installation
E0 •No condensation
•No considerable pollution
E1 •Occasional condensation
•Limited pollution
•Frequent condensation
E2 •Heavy pollution or combination of both
•Relative humidity up to 93%
Nearly total condensation or heavy pollution or

combination of both
E3 •Abnormal level of humidity up to 95%
•According to IEC 60076-16 Standard
Partial Discharges
10
pC at 1.3 Un
•Maximum level of partial discharges measured during
Routine Test
5 •Maximum level of partial discharges measured during

Special Test according to IEC60076-11 Standard
pC at 1.3 Un
Fire
•No special fire risk to consider
F0 •Except for the characteristics inherent in the design of
the transformer, no special measures are taken to limit
flammability
Transformers subject to a fire hazard:

•Restricted flammability required
F1 •Limited formation of fumes

•Limited contribution with calorific energy to the source of
fire
•Self-extinguishing transformer fire
List of the tests to be done on the transformers
> There is no official limits for IEC regarding the list of the test.
– Manufacturers should provides some certificate on equivalent transformers
> Routines tests
– Shall be done on all transformers (Induced voltage, Applied voltage, Partial
discharge, No load losses, Load losses, Impedance)
> Type test
– Lightning test Valid for equal or smaller voltages classes with same
range of rated power
– Temperature rise test Some transformers (Minimum, Medium, Maximum)
– Noise test Some transformers (Minimum, Medium, Maximum)
> Special test
– Short circuit test See IEC (30% and 130% of rated power )
– Environmental test Futures limits is 24kV 1000kVA
– Seismic test
One model (Maximum power)
Why to make the test or to claims type test
> What is important for you ?
– Reliability at long time: Partial Discharge & Dielectric test
:Environmental if environment is severe in term of pollution
:Lightning impulse test is keraunique level is high
:Short circuit if network is with bad quality
:Seismic test if area is concerned
– Owner cost :No load losses and Load losses
– Life duration: Temperature rise if transformer are fully loaded!
– Safety: Fire behaviour

What is the degree of confidence vs manufacturers
> Routine test
– Laboratory report from the manufacturers for losses
– Laboratory test with the attendance of a third party
– Outside laboratory where you repeat the test
– Sampling a device in the plant and move to laboratory test
> Type test and special test
– Claims certificate on equivalent transformers
– Request a test on an equivalent transformers in plant
– Request a test on an equivalent transformers in laboratory
> Features to be requested to the manufacturers
– The weight and nature of magnetic steel
– The weight and the nature of the LV and HV Coils
Q&A
?
12H-13H30 Lunch

2.00pm-3.15pm Technology of Dry type transformers
1. Application for transformer with class H/H or Class F/F

2. Differences between EN 50541-1 and IEC 60076-1

1. Application for
transformer with class H/H
or Class F/F

Product Information
Trihal
Resiglas
Imprgnated

1 Trihal

Cast Resin distribution Transformer construction
LV connection
terminal
Lifting
hole
HV Magnetic
connection core
terminal
LV winding
Tappings
HV winding
Connection bar
Earthing
terminal

CRT – Trihal MV/LV(15MVA) & LV/LV(400kVA)
Range Manufacturing footprint
> Trihal upto 15MVA - upto 36kV *IP00-IP 31 Class F
7 Units
> E3C3F1 Certification with <5pc PD (partial discharge)
AME (Poland)
FTR (France)
Biz Models BCV (France)
SST (China)
E1, E2, E3 EPS(KSA)
TBB (Brazil)
Value proposition
> SE Premium offer with high level of quality certifications
> Strong brand name and recognition of high quality

Special Transformer
> Extensive know how on design & manufacturing
> Enclosure
> Standardisation through configurators
> AN, AF, ANAF,AFWF
> Completing LV/MV or LV/LV packages/projets > Thermal protection
> Termination adaptation

Trihal – Cast Resin Transformers
Main Optional Accessories
1. Z protection Relay
2. T protection Relay
1
3. Enclosure IP31 2
(with or without lock) 3

4. HV Surge Arrestors
5. HV Fixed Plug-in Bushings 4
(with or without locking device)

5
6. Anti-vibration pads
8
7. Fans (AF cooling system) 6
7
8. Interface canalis
CRT – Tricast
> Tricast upto 25MVA - upto 36kV
1 Unit
> Cast Resin encapsulation

ADH (Turkey)
Biz Models
E1, E2, E3
Value proposition
> Customised ETO offer
> Perfect match for special requirements such as OLTC Applications

adaptation, Water Forced or Refrigerant cooling, Cast Resin
LV coils (Cast/Cast) , Class H insulation, Copper adaptation
Mining, Data centers
Railway Industry Buildings Oil and Gas
minerals & networks
> Extensive know how on design & manufacturing & metals

Tricast
HV Coils: Cast under vacuum in moulds with strong fiber glass
reinforcement
LV Coils: Cu/Al conductors with Pre-Impregnated Insulation or
Vaccum cast in Mold
Class H or F
Standards : IEC, ANSI, UL certification
Customer need
• Robust and reliable solution for regardless of
application type (marine, seismic zone, high temp
class, wide regulation range with OLTC and AVR,
Cast/Cast for better environmental protection
Customer benefits
• Designed for wet or highly polluted environments
• Self extinguishing
• Excellent short circuit performance
• Almost zero maintenance

2 Resiglas

CRT – Resiglas
> Resiglas upto 25MVA - upto 36kV
2 Units
> Epoxy Resin reinforced with glass fiber AME (Poland)
Biz Models
E1, E2, E3
TBB (Brazil)
Value proposition
> SE Premium offer for strong application requirements
> Strong brand name and recognition of high quality Applications
> Extensive know how on design & manufacturing

Mining,
Train Industry Buildings Data centers Energy &
Oil & gas
> Flexibility and robustness & networks infrastructure minerals
& metals

TECNOLOGY
Resiglas®
Layer using continuous fiber

glass + epoxi resin.
Is not necessary to use casting
Accessories
Temperature control relay High Voltage Terminals protection Enclosure
PT100 sensor with 3 stages : Total protection against : Standard enclosure associated :
1. Turn on fans • Aggressive Environments • IP 43 for indoor
2. Send an alarm • Metallic Powder • IP 54 for outdoor
3. Turn off the transformer • Salinity
• Off-shore applications
BC Imprego
3Impregnated
BC Imprego

VPI – BC Imprego
> 10kVA up to 5 MVA – up to 12kV 1 Unit
> E2C2F1 Certification
BCV (France)
Biz Models
E1, E2, E3
Manufacturing Units
Value proposition
> SE Premium offer with high level of quality certifications
> Strong brand name and recognition of high quality

Special Transformer
> Extensive know how on design & manufacturing > For 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications
> Standardisation through configurators > Cooling system : AN, ANAF, AFWF
> Completing LV/MV packages/projets > Any type of enclosure
> Applications : Data Center, Building, Oil&Gas, Marine,

Mining Metal & Mineral...
BC IMPREGO
Single/ Three –Phase
• Power : 6 to 400 kVA.
• Voltage ratios : 400/400V or 400/231V, 231/115V,

231/231V, 400/115V
• In compliance with standards :
• IEC/EN 61558-2-4 de 6 à 20 kVA.
• IEC/EN 60076-11 de 25 à 400 kVA.
• Insulation and temperature rise class: H.
• IP00 or IP21 – IK07; RAL9003.
• Frequency : 50/60Hz.
• Max ambient temperature : 40°C.

Product Comparison

1 Oil/Cast

Comparison of Dry Type and Oil Type
Dry Type Oil Type
Air as cooling media Oil inside the tank as cooling media

Comparison of Dry Type and Oil Type
Dry Type Oil Type
• Initial product cost more expensive • Initial product cost less expensive
• No flammable material such as oil and • Special precautions to be taken for fire
transformer is self distinguishing (F1) safety……..
• Less Installation • More installation costs (oil pits, drainage area,
costs……………………………… longer cabling, complex civil works)
• Easy maintenance (cleaning, visual check, • Complex maintenance requirements (oil
torques check and electrical tests : insulation, monitoring, drain and filtering of oil, gasket and
fans + probe + relay) bushing replacement)
• Very short down time for • Long down times for scheduled maintenance
maintenance…………… works
• Environmental aspects to be reviewed for oil
• Environmental friendly
leakages
• Perfect solution for indoor applications • Mostly used for outdoor applications
2 MV Comparison
Cast resin
Resiglas
Impregnated

Comparison of Cast Resin-Resiglas-Impregnated technology
Cast Resin Resiglas Impregnated technologies
Hard cast windings Windings without cast Varnished windings without cast
Comparison between Cast/Resiglas/Impregnated
• Cast resin • Resiglas • Impregnated
• LV : • LV • LV
• Nomex or polyamide • Nomex • Nomex
• Foil or flat wire • Foil • Long layer
• HV • HV • HV
• Random or strip technology • Long layer • Long layer
• Polyamid or fiber
• Epoxy with hardener and Alumina

Comparison between Cast/Resiglas/Impregnated
• Cast resin • Resiglas • Impregnated
• More robust than impregnated • More robust than impregnated • Less robust (Overvoltage)
• Robust for aggressive environment • Robust for aggressive environment
(Dust, Salt, Humidity) (Dust, Salt, Humidity)
• Cost construction : more • Cost construction : more • Cost construction : less

expensive expensive expensive
• More material • More material • Less material
• Less labor • More labor • More labor
• Heat down and up slower
• Up to 36 kV • Up to 36 kV • Up to 12 kV List 1
• More compact design in MV • More flexible adaptation • More compact design in HV
• Insulation class : F or H • Insulation class : F or H • Insulation class : F or H

• Well adapted for load variation
Table of choice

Complexity
Specific, complex
ETO approach Tricast/Trihal Resiglas
Simple, standard
Trihal
Click and Buy
Applications
Distribution Railway Rectifier
Table of choice
MV MV High Unstable Special Energy
<6KV >6KV level of Network tfo efficiency
pollution
LV Casted X
LV Impregnated X X* X
HV Casted X X X
HV Resiglas X
HV Impregnated X
Class H (X) (X) X
Class F X X X

Some references

76xTrihal: Airport
MV/LV Distribution
Customer need
> Safe & Reliable solution dedicated to infrastructure
Solution
> Design & construction of Dry Type transformers
certified E3C3F1 for customer safety
> Tailor made solution for improved efficiency and
footprint
Customer benefits
> Certified proven design product
> High quality solution using best-in-class technology
& modern design
> Reliable and Low Maintenance
International Airport (Abu Dhabi)

58x Trihal: Nuclear
Power Plant
Customer need
> A reliable partner for Nuclear process application
Solution
> Dry Type proven design transformer E3C3F1
certified
> Seismic resistant proven technology
> Nuclear Manufacturing process mastering
Customer benefits
> A reliable partner for design and Manufacturing
> Type tested product
> Compliant with EDF nuclear process requirements
EDF – DUS Nuclear Project (France)

8 x Trihal with total
power of 12MVA
Customer need
> Extremely Safe & Reliable solution
Solution
> Tailor made solution for high efficiency, reliability and
low noise
> On-site service during Beijing Olympic Games
Customer benefits
> High Reliable and Low Maintenance
> Green product for the green Olympic Games
> Very quick response with on-site support
Olympic Games, China

power of 83 MVA
Customer need
> Safe & Reliable solution
> High Endurance to Vibration & Low noise
Solution
> Design & construction of CRT for customer safety
> Tailor made solution for improved vibration
endurance and low noise
Customer benefits
& modern design
> Very high reliability thanks to robust structure
Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza, China

power of 115 MVA
Customer need
> Extremely reliability in the demonstration off-shore
wind project in China
> Less & easy maintenance
Solution
> Design & construction of CRT certified E3C3F1 for
highest reliability
> Tailor made solution for off-shore environment
Customer benefits
> High reliable products for poor ventilation & hazard
environment
> Economical solution with lower loss, improved design
> GL certified products & manufacturing process
Donghai-Bridge Off-shore Wind farm,

China
power of 223 MVA
Customer need
> High quality & Reliability solution
> Quick Response to meet tough agenda
Solution
> Design & construction of CRT certified E3C3F1 for
customer safety
> Special arrangement to meet customer delivery
request
Customer benefits
& modern design
> Quick delivery & support
Shezhen China Star

Optoelectronics Technology
China
80 Trihal with total
power of 264 MVA
Customer need
> Safe & Reliable solution for marine environment
> Meet BV Classification
Solution
> Reduced dimensions for limited installation space
> Tailor made solution for high humidity & pollution
environment
Customer benefits
> Space saving with same performance
> High reliability and Low Maintenance
> BV classified
CMIC 9200TEU, China

34xTricast Transformers
500kVA to 11200kVA
AFWF
Customer need
> Safe & Reliable solution dedicated to Oil and Gas for
STATOIL - Johan Sverdrup Norway
Solution
> Tailor made solution for unique cooling option for Air
Forced Water Forced Ventilation for 6 pcs
Customer benefits
& modern design
Statoil Norway – Johan Sverdrup project

315kVA to 12500kVA
Customer need
> Safe & Reliable solution dedicated to Oil and Gas
Solution
Customer benefits
& modern design
Petronas Malysia PFLNG

315kVA to 16000kVA
Customer need
Hyundai Heavy Industries and British Petrolleum
Solution
Customer benefits
& modern design
BP Quad 204 project HHI - BP

upto 8000kVA
Customer need
Exxon Mobil
Solution
> Design & construction of Dry Type transformers and
Zone 2 Oil Type Transformers
> Tailor made solution for Auxiliary Feeding inside the
FPSO
Customer benefits
& modern design
ERHA project Exxon Mobil

upto 6000kVA
Customer need
Chevron
Solution
> Tailor made solution for Auxiliary Feeding inside the
FPSO
Customer benefits
& modern design
AGBAMI project Chevron

1600kVA Chevron Australia
Customer need
Chevron
Solution
> Tailor made solution for Oil Field in BARROW Island
Australia
Customer benefits
& modern design
Gorgon Project Chevron Australia

Shell Pearl Island
Customer need
Shell
Solution
> Tailor made solution for Oil Field in BARROW Island
Australia
Customer benefits
& modern design
Shell Pearl Island GTL - Qatar

New Doha Hamad Airport
Customer need
Solution
footprint
Customer benefits
& modern design
New Doha International Airport BEMCO NDIA - Qatar

for Dubai Utility
Customer need
Solution
footprint
Customer benefits
& modern design
Dubai Electricity Water Authority - DEWA

for Germany Utility
Customer need
Solution
footprint
Customer benefits
& modern design
e.On Germany
Q&A
?
2. Differences between EN
50541-1 and IEC 60076-1

What is EN Standard
• EN Standard is a standard written for European country (27
countries today)
• This standard is written by working group and validated by the

national committee
• The targets of these CENELEC standard is to define the

performance and the basic specifications for the efficiency,
dimensions weight and accessories
• This standard can also contains some special tests that are
required in European countries when not required by IEC
• EN standard should have a permission to be written from IEC

(Dresde agreement to avoid some conflicts between the standards

The difference between EN & IEC
• EN Standard is an European Standard who defines value of

efficiency and dimensions
• IEC is a general and generic standard which define the general rules
to specify a transformer and the test to be done
• Only dielectric test and temperature rise test value are given in IEC
EN
IEC
3.Special arrangement (Cooling, Surge arrester,Rectifier…)

How to cool a transformer in a room (IEC60076-16 Annex A)
> Target is to determine the Inlet section and the

outlet section A1 & A2
> Data to know are:
• The losses HL=Pk +P0*1,1
• The value of H
> For example for 1MVA with

• H=4,6M
• Losses=13,3kW
• A1=1,25m2
• A2=1,27m2 (A1*1,15)
∆θ a =15
How to protect a transformer against transient overvoltage
in the network
> Several solutions are available to increase the reliability of the transformer against these fast
> transient interactions(Keraunique area, Wind turbine, …..)
> In any case transformers must be chosen in the list 2
> To reinforce the reliability in case of repeated and hard environment IEC60076-16 (4.6) give two
solutions
• Either
– To apply List 3
– To install surge protection technic as surge arrester

Simulation example: Overhead-underground supply
Lightning impact
Overhea Underground
d line Busba cable Busbar Cable
63 20 m Circuit-breaker r 900 m 10 m 400 m 20
kV 10 m kV
Transformer Insulator Surge arresters Transformer

36 MVA 2500 kVA
Voltage at transfo terminals 2500 kVA Voltage at transfo terminals 2500 kVA
Without surge arrester With surge arrester
Û = 230 kV > Lightning resistance Û = 94 kV < Lightning resistance

Rectifiers transformers design

K Factor for Transformers for Rectifier
Transformers for Rectifier application are subject to harmonic currents contents
IEEE C57.110 gives rules to design transformers in accordance with this application
Harmonics increase the level of losses in the transformers and then temperature rise
Customers can indicate:
Standard rectifier ….Harmonic are calculating following IEC60146 & IEC61378 (Case of 6pulses)
Either
The value of the harmonic forecasted (All value of I and h rank)
K Factor
Total harmonic distorsion

K factor impact on transformers temperature rise
• Transformers losses can be considered in 3 categories
• Ohmic losses
• Eddy losses(Due to circulating current in conductor)
• Stray losses(Due to circulating current in steel part)
• Harmonic increase eddy losses and stray losses by the square of the harmonic ranks
>Approximately Eddy losses are

multiplied by k factor
>Additional Stray losses are not
considered for dry type transformers
• For example in case of 2500kVA with European losses

– For standard transformers the cooling is forecasted for No load losses +Load losses (3100+19000)=22100
– For K9 Eddy losses are 500WX~9 +Overcurent ~ >>>>>(3100+24400)=27500
– For Rectifier transformer K9 the cooling must be forecasted for No load losses + load losses X1,28

And how to have a safe installation and use
• Trihal 10 COMMISSIONING
PRECAUTIONS_GEaf 215100.pdf

Q&A
?
3.15pm-3H30pm Tea break (15 min)

3.15pm-4.00pm Schneider Electric Cast resin transformer’s
1. Advantages of Schneider Electric transformers

2. Future of cast resin transformers / Schneider Electric Transformers with Digitisation

1. Advantages of Schneider
Electric transformers

Green Premium (4Index Trihal & Tricast)
– REACH: Chemical (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, or Authorization under period)
• Our products doesn’t contains any of substances submitted to authorization
– PEP (Product Environmental Profile)

• from raw-material supply to recycling process
• All components has been evaluated(10 Index Co2, Pollution of air, Water
consumption, Use of new renewable components(Copper)…..
– ROHS (Restriction of Hazardous Materials)

• Prohibition of 10 Substances. Schneider don’t use such substances
– EoL (End of Life Instructions)

• Basic instructions for dismantling process are published and available for
customers
Why to chose Schneider Electric
• Market technology leader • Unique design patented and best practices

• Long history of reliable production brand • First transformers in 1980
• Standardisation leader • Create,lead IEC standard for technology cast techno
• Ecodesign • Leader in Eco Design transformer
• Connected transformers • QR code information and maintenance information
• Experience in cast Resin • More than 100000 Transformers delivered
• Large range of product • Able to design for dedicated application
• Environmental friendly • Green product (Reach,PEP,Eoli,ROHS)
• Large foot print • World wide presence
• Maintenance • World wide presence
• Design • Modern tools to design
• Robust transformers • Able to be E3 C2 F1 (SIII)
3150kVA Af xy=9 Afy=4,5m/s2 Richter scale 5-8 800kVA Af xy=50 Afy=40m/s2 SIII
Q&A
?
2. Future of cast resin
transformers / Schneider Electric
Transformers with Digitization
.

Digitalization

INNOVATION with EINSTEIN project (connected transformers OTM)
1. Measure 3. Monitor (local or online)
Capture the temperature rise data with Flexible and affordable solutions based on
best-in-class SE self-supplied wireless building requirements
sensor’s and conventional wired PT100.
Wireless TH110
Zigbee mode
PT100
2. Connect
Most comprehensive range of devices
Trihal testing in R&D (sensor’s + monitoring)
for digitizing communication as global
approach (all SE equipment) or stand
alone tfx solution.
Control box
modem RS485
comX sologate

Concept Car with
• Toroidal transformers
• Screen transformers
• Extend cast resin with OLTC, H Class,
• And new patents…..

Q&A
?

Schneider Cast Resin Transformer Seminar (IEM - 22 March 2017)

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Schneider Electric Transformers

Events on Cast resin transformers

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 2

9.15am Status of IEC for dry type transformers

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 3

• 1.30pm Technology of Dry type transformers

• 3.00pm Tea break (15 min)

• 3.15pm Schneider Electric Cast resin transformer’s

• 4.00pm Open discussions + Q&A section

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 4

• Chairman of T&D Europe (Association of all manufacturer in European country)

• IEC 1906 Award 2012

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 6

• Founded in 1906 IEC is representing 61(84) countries

• IEC provides a platform to companies, industries and governments for

• MALAYSIA Is full member of IEC

• Vietnam is associate member(limited right of vote and function)

• IEC request a maintenance of the standard each 10 years with a

• Committee Draft Voted documents(CVD) (Enquiry stage)

• Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) documents (Approval stage)

• Maintenance / updating a publication

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 10

• IEC 60076-11 2004 • Expected to be revised 2018/2019

• IEC60076-12 2008 • Expected to be revised 2020

• IEC60076-16 2011 • Expected to be revised 2018

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 11

• Add some requirements on environmental aspects, seismic aspect…..

• National committee has nominated their expert for 2014

• The process of revision started in August 2014

• A meeting to analyze these remarks is forecasted on April 11 & 12 in Nice France

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Most of the manufacturers

IEEE,UK GRID, Vestas

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Minor Medium Important Major

• Normal service conditions • Normal service conditions

• Wave-shape voltage become full text

• Load current harmonic content

– Considered in temperature rise test when over 5%

• Frequency of energization limited at 24 a year

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• Normal service conditions • Normal service conditions

• Special electrical and environmental conditions around

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• 6.2.3Transformer with enclosure (Clarified)

– Case delivered on site separately

– Derating is calculated by IEC62271-202

– Clearance inside IE660076-3

– Rating plate allocation of responsibilities

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• Provision for unusual conditions 6.5 Provision for unusual conditions

• Regular frequent short circuit

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• Identification symbols • 6.11.2Identification symbols

• Nominal temperature rise limits • 11.1Nominal temperature rise limits

• 11.3 High altitude correction • 11.3 High altitude correction

• Insulation Level • 12.Insulation level

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• High altitude • 12.2Transformers for use at high altitude

– 1000m Nominal value

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• 13.1Climatic classes • 13.1Climatic classes