 Pre-colonial housing communities was relatively scattered

small native settlements.

 Starting the colonial period housing was transformed into highly
centralized network of cities, towns, and barangays, according to
the ecclesiastical and secular requirements of the colonizers.
 By the second half of the 19th century settlement outside Manila
provided greater opportunities due to the following developments
in our country:
a. Opening of new ports in Iloilo, Cebu, Sulo and Zamboanga.
b. Opening of the Manila-Dagupan Railroad.
c. Repair and construction of roads and bridges.
d. Relative political stability that ensued after the Philippine
Revolution and the Philippine-American War.
 By the first decade of 20th century, Manila already was the
established dominant urban centre.
 By 1939, Manila’s population had risen to 994,000 comprising
6.3 percent of the total population.
 Philippines predominantly agricultural economy was transformed
into newly industrialized status.
 Main economic programs emphasized agro-industrial
development, traditional crop exports, and manufacturing.
 Year 1950
 Philippines economy ranked second to Japan.
 Has the highest level of urbanization (27.5 percent) in South-
East Asia.
 Year 1951 to 1960’s
 Urbanization rate slowed down.
 Decline in the industrial and service sectors led to weak
economic growth.
 Expansion of agricultural land / cultivated land.
 Year 1970’s
 Urbanization accelerated when significant infrastructure
investments and a shift in exports from traditional agricultural
and natural resource commodities to non-traditional products,
e.g., garments, electronics, footwear, furniture and fixture led to
a robust economic performance.
 1980’s
 Urbanization continued despite a stagnant economy.
 There is a strong rural-urban migration triggered by relative
deprivation in the countryside.
 The pace of urbanization also paralleled poverty levels.
 1990’s
 Level of urbanization dropped to the lowest level (2.35
percent annual growth rate) since the second world war.
 METRO MANILA OR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
 1948 - 1960
 Population movement were dominated by migration flows
towards Mindanao.
 1975 – 1989
 Primary destination for migration was the National Capital
Region.
 Decline of rural-rural migration while urban-urban and rural-
urban migration remained strong.
 1990
 Metro-Manila’s population density is about 60 times the
average density of the country.
 With an official population of almost 8 million.
 It is the largest source of employment in the country.
 REGIONAL CENTERS
 Largest among this centres are Metro-Cebu and Davao
City.
 It is distinguished from the rest of country’s other cities by
their much larger population, more varied market services,
and the presence of international airport.
 Other cities that serve as regional administrative, market
and educational centres are Baguio, Dagupan, Angeles,
San Fernando, Tuguegarao, Naga, Legazpi, Bacolod, Iloilo,
Tacloban, Zamboanga, Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato, Butuan
and General Santos.
 PROVINCIAL AND OTHER URBAN CENTERS
 They are made up of provincial market and other sub-
regional centres.
 Some of this settlements may have larger populations than
the Regional Centres but the services they provide are
functionally limited and/ or in smaller scale.
 Total land area of the Philippines is 300,000
square kilometers.
 Luzon with an area of 141,000 square kilometers,
Mindanao with 102,000, an the Visayas with
57,000.
 Land is classified legally into (a) forest lands –
145,000 square kilometers and (b) alienable and
disposable lands a total of 155,000 square
kilometers.
 About 3,520 square kilometers are currently
utilized for urban purposes.
 With an urban population of 29.6 million, theres a
need of 11.9 hectares per 1,000 population.
 Maintaining this density and using the projected urban
population of 36.2 million for the year 2000, an additional
78,540 hectares of urban land will be needed to
accommodate an urban population increment of 6.6
million.
 78,540 hectares of needed urban land will have to be
converted from agricultural land.
 The problem is agricultural land will decline and urban
expansion must be prohibited – both options are unlikely.
 The solution involves a combination of actions, including
the use of more efficient and productive agricultural
activities that require less land per unit yield, and
managing the levels and distribution of demand.
 This conflict illustrates the importance of making more
efficient use of urban land in order to reduce the
demand for urban land expansion.
 Ministry on Human Settlements
Accept and approve 1. studies on land uses and
settlement patterns and 2. zoning plans for most
cities and municipalities.
 Human Settlements Regulatory Commission
Now the HLURB ( Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board ). A regulatory arm of Ministry on
Human Settlements.
 URBAN LOAN PACKAGES I – IV
 A priority given by the World Bank to sites and services
improvement that started in 1980.
 Urban I – Tondo Manila was the was its project area since its
has the biggest slum colony ( 137 hectares occupied by 27,000
families ) in the country.
  Urban II- The Dagat-Dagatan Project covered .90
hectares of sites and services improvement in the city of
Caloocan and municipalities of Navotas and Malabaon.
 Urban III – Continuation of upgrading activities in Metro
Manila following the popular “ Integrated Development
Approach “ which includes :
o Urban BLISS Programs
o Infrastructure and utility improvement
o Livelihood and technical assistance projects
 Urban IV- Also known as Regional Cities Development
Project. It focused on infrastructure improvement on four
regional cities – Davao City, Cagayan de Oro, Bacolod and
Iloilo.
 Significant developments affecting settlement
patterns in 1970s and early 1980s was the
establishment of regional offices of the national
government. It encourages growth of urban
development outside Manila.
 National Urban Development and Housing
Framework ( NUDHF )
 A document crafted by HUDCC closest to an official
urban policy. The framework contains the following goals
and objectives, policies, and strategies.
o Goals and Objectives:
Increase national integration and cohesion through well-defined
and focused policies and strategies for urban development.
Defined roles of urban areas/cities in national development to
attain rational spatial and economic growth.
Guided rural-urban migration to attain proper spatial
arrangements of people and their activities.
Improved government efficiency and capability to manage
urban development.
Institutionalized participation of concerned sectors ( provate
sector, non-government organizations/people’s organizations
community ) in urban development.
Improved access and availability of land for urban uses
particularly for the housing needs of the urban poor and other
marginalized group.
  Adequate, equitable, and efficient provision of urban
services.
 Protection of the natural environment and community
conservation.
 The pursuit of urban development shall proceed fro well-
defined national development policy that stipulates the
general direction for the country’s progress.
 The development of urban areas and cities shall be
undertaken pursuant to their roles in national
development as defined in a national urban hierarchy
system.
o Policies:
 Policy of Dispersed Urban Development shall be
pursued to slow down the concentration of population in
large cities by means of population movements towards
emerging and urbanizable areas.
 Population can be controlled through smaller family size
and compact development patterns.
  Greenbelt Zones shall be designated around major/ large
urban areas to control their growth and disperse additional
urban growth to other middle-sized urban areas.
 Investments in congested urban areas shall be aimed only
at improving the quality of urban life and not at encouraging
expansion.
 Improvement of local governments capacity and capability
to efficiently and effectively implement urban development
through training and the development of simplified systems
and procedures.
o Development Strategy
 At the national level, strategy of encouraging growth of
urban centers outside Metro Manila and at the same time
managing its growth and the surrounding regions to
enhance its global competitiveness has been recognized.
 National Economic and Development Authority (
NEDA )
 Serves as the economic planning agency of the
government.
 It is responsible for formulating and coordinating fully
integrated social and economic policies, plans, and
programs, programming of official development assistance,
and monitoring and evaluation of plan implementation.
 Every five (5) years, it formulates Medium-Term
Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP), the development
blueprint of the country which summarizes all development
goals, objectives, strategies, policies and programs by
sectors.
 Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
Council ( HUDCC )
 Overall policy-making and coordinating body on housing
and urban development.
 It was created in 1986, to replace and delimit the functions
of the Ministry of Human Settlements.
 Tasked to coordinate and monitor the activities of housing
agencies and formulate policies and guidelines to ensure
the accomplishment of the National Shelter Program.
 It has key housing agencies namely:
o National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC)
Provides mortgage financing for housing
o National Housing Authority (NHA)
Produces housing units for the lowest 30 percent of the
population, develops home lots, and provides security of
tenure.