Project Time & Quality Management

Time Management
• It is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious
control over the amount of time spent on specific activities and
the aims are to increase effectiveness, efficiency and
productivity.

Effectiveness:
• The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired
result or success.
Efficiency:
• It is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money,
and time in doing something or it can be an optimum utilization of
input for achieving desired output.
Productivity:
• Rate of output per unit of input(s).
 Drivers of Productivity
Investment is in physical capital — machinery,
equipment and buildings.
Innovation is the successful exploitation of new
ideas.
Skills are defined as the quantity and quality of
labor of different types.
Enterprise is defined as the seizing of new
business opportunities.
Competition improves productivity by creating
incentives to innovate and ensures that resources
are allocated to the most efficient entities.
Value Adding & Non-Value Adding Activities
Value Adding Activities are any activities that add value to the customer
and meet the three criteria for a Value Adding Activity.

1. The step transforms the item toward completion.

2. The step is done right the first time (not a rework step).
3. The customer cares (or would pay) for the step to be done.

The seven wastes responsible for Non-Value Adding Activities are

1. Waiting (idle) times
2. Excess motion (transportation)
3. Handling (moving things)
4. Excess or useless inventory
5. Over processing
6. Overproduction
7. Defects
 A. CREATING AN EFFECTIVE
ENVIRONMENT

Time management can be done by

a. Getting organized  PERT Charts, Gantt Charts, Time Tables,

Quantitative Assessments etc.
b. Protecting time by insulation, isolation and delegation.
c. Goal focus.
d. Recovery from bad time habits i.e. procrastination etc.
 B. Prioritization
a. ABCD Analysis

First make a list of all activities to be done. Then allocate priority among
them

A URGENT + IMPORTANT

B URGENT + IMPORTANT

C URGENT + IMPORTANT

D URGENT + IMPORTANT
b. Pareto Analysis (80-20 Rule)

 This is the idea that 80% of tasks can be completed in 20% of

time, thus should be allotted high priority. And also

 80% of productivity can be achieved by doing 20% of tasks or

80% of results can be attributed to 20% of activity.
 Project Quality Management
I. Quality – The degree to Dimensions of Quality
which a set of inherent 1. Performance.
characteristics fulfill 2. Features.
requirements. 3. Reliability.
OR 4. Conformance.
Meeting of project 5. Durability.
processes and product’s
6. Serviceability.
written specifications.
7. Aesthetics.
 II. Four Components of Quality Management
1. Quality Planning
How we are going to maintain the quality? Anticipate

2. Quality Assurance (Proactive)

Real time check inspections etc. It is done through

a. Making Quality Plans

b. Inspection and Tests i.e. Check listing and stress tests etc.
c. Defect Tracking Tools i.e. Statistical process control through control charts
to track variations.

i. Six sigma
Defects as low as 2 in billion.
ii. Pareto chart

iii. Seven run rule

If seven data points increase or decrease in a row = non random errors

d. Employee Trainings i.e. through TQM Efforts  Developing quality

climate within organization.
3. Quality Control (Reactive)
Monitoring specific project results to ensure alignment with project scope.
Checking quality of finished product.

4. Quality Improvement
Purposeful change of process for improvement.

III. Quality Standards and Quality Audit

• ISO 9000 is a quality system standard likewise for telecom we have
tl9000 (standards are jotted down in a requirements handbook).
This is a three part continuous cycle of planning,
controlling and documenting quality in an
organization.

• In quality audits, sites, functions, products, services,

processes/procedures are checked and an organization is certified.
 IV. Cost of Quality

Quality Cost = Cost of Conformance + Cost of Non-Conformance

Cost of Conformance = Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs

Cost of Non Conformance = Internal + External Failures

Internal Failures = Waste + Scrap

External Failures = Loss of Reputation